组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.doc

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，表示所谈的是谁或是什么一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当如： The car is nice.(名词)We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语 (不定式短语)放在句后2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是奇奇兔资讯网句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略 to 的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分如：He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词＋表语)I can speak English. (情态动词＋实义动词)Do you speak English？(助动词＋实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词＋实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当如：He does his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We like playing football.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物这类动词常见的有 buy，sell 等如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball ，will you？( 间宾＋直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如 to 或 for 等如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾＋间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾＋间宾)②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care 等如：I hope to see you again.③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。

这类动词有：enjoy，finish， mind，practise，miss ， suggest，keep(on)等如：Do you mind my opening the window？ ④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同a)forget to do 表示“ 未发生的动作”，forget doing 表示“已完成的动作”如： Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)　　　　I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下 原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing 表示“停止做某事”如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话) The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话)4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当如：It is a beautiful watch！( 形容词 ) She is a Chinese teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。

5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末如：Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语 )We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough 作状语只能放在被修饰词之后如： He is old enough to go to school. 6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel ，become， smell，turn ，taste(尝起来)等如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.( 数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。

需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make 等 “宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当如：We elected him monitor.(名词)。