《名师一号》高三英语二轮-三轮总复习重点突破-第六节-非谓语动词和独立主格结构ppt课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,数学,,高考总复习人教,A,版,· (,理,),第四模块 平面向量、数系的扩充与复数的引入,第六节　非谓语动词和独立主格结构,考点分类突破,第六节　非谓语动词和独立主格结构,考点四十一　现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别,【,真题再现,】,1,．,(2010·,重庆,),The news shocked the public, ________ to great concern about students' safety at school.,A. having led,,B. led,C. leading D. to lead,答案与解析：,C,现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果考点四十一　现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别,2,．,(2010·,江西,)The lady walked around the shops,，,________ an eye out for bargains.,A. keep B. kept,C. keeping D. to keep,答案与解析：,C,句意：这位女士在商场转悠着，留意着里面的减价商品。

现在分词短语,keeping an eye out for(,留意，注意,),作伴随状语2．(2010·江西)The lady walked aro,3,．,(2010·,安徽,)He had a wonderful childhood, ________ with his mother to all corners of the world.,A. travel B. to travel,C. traveled D. traveling,答案与解析：,D,后半句是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随B,表示动作尚未发生，与前半句内容矛盾3．(2010·安徽)He had a wonderful,4,．,(2010·,湖南,)Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.,A. struggling B. struggled,C. having struggled D. to struggle,答案与解析：,C,根据句意可知，此处应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，且,struggle,这一动作发生在谓语动词,took,之前，故用现在分词的完成式。

句意：在经过数月努力找一份服务员的工作未果之后，,Dina,最终在一个当地广告事务所谋得了一个职位4．(2010·湖南)Dina, ________ for,5,．,(2010·,北京,)________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.,A. Looking B. Look,C. To look D. Looked,答案与解析：,A,现在分词短语,Looking at my classmates' faces,在句中作状语，,look,与句子主语,I,是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用,look,的现在分词形式5．(2010·北京)________ at my clas,6,．,(2010·,福建,)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.,A. sending B. to send,C. having sent D. to have sent,答案与解析：,A,句意：地震过后，许多救援人员正日夜不停地工作，向青海玉树运输救援物资。

现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示同时发生的动作，故选,A,项C,项表示动作已完成，不符合题意不定式表示出乎预料的结果，作目的状语时一般不与主句隔开，可排除,B,、,D,两项6．(2010·福建)Lots of rescue work,7,．,(2010·,四川,)The lawyer listened with full attention, ________ to miss any point.,A. not trying B. trying not,C. to try not D. not to try,答案与解析：,B,句中现在分词作伴随状语not trying...,表示“不努力做,……”,，,trying not...,表示“努力不,……”,，意义不同句意：律师专注地倾听着，努力不错过任何要点7．(2010·四川)The lawyer listened,8,．,(2010·,江苏,)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classrooms.,A. enabling B. having enabled,C. to enable D. to have enabled,答案与解析：,A,句意：这位退休老人把他大部分的积蓄捐赠给了在玉树地震中被毁坏的那所学校，使学生得以重返教室。

此处是,­ing,分词短语作状语8．(2010·江苏)The retired man don,9,．,(2010·,陕西,)________ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.,A. Seen B. Seeing,C. Having seen D. To see,答案与解析：,A,句意：当从塔顶看的时候，南边的山脚是一片树的海洋动词,see,与句中主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词此非谓语结构相当于一个状语从句,If/When it is seen from the top of the tower,9．(2010·陕西)________ from the t,10,．,(2010·,浙江,)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________ regularly, can improve our health.,A. being carried out B. carrying out,C. carried out D. to carry out,答案与解析：,C,逻辑主语,exercise,与,carry out,之间构成动宾关系，故用,carry out,的过去分词形式,carried out,，此处相当于,if the exercise is carried out regularly,的省略，所以答案选,C,项。

10．(2010·浙江)The experiment sho,【,考点诠释,】,1,．现在分词作状语,现在分词,(,短语,),作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况现在分词的时态主要有以下两种：,【考点诠释】,,(1),一般式：现在分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或现在分词表示的动作发生后，谓语动词表示的动作紧接着发生The children came in, talking and laughing.,孩子们进来时边说边笑此句中现在分词的逻辑主语是,The children,，两者之间是主谓关系，谓语动作与分词动作同时发生，故现在分词作伴随状语,),(1)一般式：现在分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同,Not knowing his address, I can't call on him in person.,由于不知道他的地址，我无法亲自拜访他此句中现在分词的逻辑主语是,I,，两者之间是主谓关系，且根据语境应使用现在分词的否定形式，表示原因,),Not knowing his address, I can,注意：有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致，这种现在分词叫垂悬分词。

类似用法的现在分词短语有,judging by, considering that, generally/strictly speaking,等Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.,从他的口音判断，他肯定是南方人Generally speaking, many people enjoy watching TV.,一般来说，很多人喜欢看电视注意：有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致，这种现在,,(2),完成式：强调分词动作在谓语动词动作之前已完成Having been shown around the campus, we were taken to the lecture hall.,被领着参观完校园后，我们被带到了演讲厅shown,与逻辑主语,we,是动宾关系,),注意：完成式的否定形式是在前面加,not,，即,not having done/not having been done,Not having finished his homework, he couldn't go to bed so early.,没有完成功课，他不能这么早睡觉。

2)完成式：强调分词动作在谓语动词动作之前已完成2,．过去分词作状语,当分词动作与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，应用过去分词作状语Inspired by his speech, we took action at once.,在他的演讲的鼓舞下，我们立即采取了行动此句中,Inspired,的逻辑主语是,we,，它们之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词,),2．过去分词作状语,Given more time, I can do it better.,如果多给些时间，我会做得更好注意对比以下句子中现在分词和过去分词的不同：,The professor came in, followed by a little girl.,教授进来了，后面跟着一个小女孩The professor came in, following a little girl.,教授跟着一个小女孩进来了Given more time, I can do it b,两个句子中分词的逻辑主语都是,The professor,，第一句强调“教授被小女孩跟着”,(,教授在前，小女孩在后,),，所以使用过去分词；第二句强调“教授跟着小女孩”,(,小女孩在前，教授在后,),，所以使用现在分词作伴随状语。

Seen from behind, he looks like our headmaster.,从背后看起来，他很像我们的校长两个句子中分词的逻辑主语都是The professor，第一,Seeing the police, the murderer was frightened.,一看见警察，这个杀人犯就害怕第一句中“,Seen”,的逻辑主语是“,he”,，两者之间是动宾关系；第二句中“,Seeing”,的逻辑主语是“,the murderer”,，两者之间是主谓关系Seeing the police, the murdere,3,．“连词＋分词,(,短语,)”,结构作状语,“连词＋分词,(,短语,)”,结构相当于状语从句当分词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系时用现在分词；当分词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时用过去分词While crossing the road, you must be careful.,过马路时要小心此句中“,crossing”,的逻辑主语是“,you”,，两者之间是主谓关系，相当于时间状语从句“,While you are crossing the road”,，因此使用现在分词,),3．“连词＋分词(短语)”结构作状语,When completed, it will look more beautiful.,完成了的时候它看起来会更加漂亮。

此句中“,completed”,的逻辑主语是,it,，两者之间是动宾关系，相当于时间状语从句“,When it is completed”,，因此使用过去分词,),When completed, it will look m,考点四十二　不定式作状语,【,真题再现,】,考点四十二　不定式作状语,1,．,(2010·,全国,Ⅰ)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.,A. buy,,B. to buy,C. buying D. to have bought,答案与解析：,B,句意：父亲节即将来临，我已经从银行取了些钱要给父亲买礼物空白处应用动词不定式作目的状语，因此答案为,B,项1．(2010·全国Ⅰ)With Father's Day,2,．,(2010·,江西,)There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________.,A. to discover B. to be discovered,C. discovered D. being discovered,答案与解析：,B,句意：很多有天赋的演员在那里，就是为了等着被人发现。

discover,与,many talented actors,之间是动宾关系，且强调将来，故用不定式的被动语态2．(2010·江西)There were many tal,3,．,(2010·,辽宁,)We were astonished ________ the temple still in its original condition.,A. finding B. to find,C. find D. to be found,答案与解析：,B,句意：看到寺院仍处于原始的状态，我们感到非常震惊空格处为动词不定式作状语，表示原因，故选,B,项3．(2010·辽宁)We were astonished,4,．,(2010·,四川,)In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ________.,A. to deal with B. dealing with,C. to be dealt with D. dealt with,答案与解析：,A,某些形容词,(pleasant, nice, comfortable, difficult, hard, easy,等,),后接动词不定式时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。

4．(2010·四川)In many people's op,【,考点诠释,】,1,．作状语,不定式作状语往往表示目的、结果、原因等To keep warm, we shut all the windows.,为了保暖，我们关上了所有的窗户目的状语,),He woke up and looked out of the window to find the world outside greatly changed.,他醒来往窗外看，发现外面的世界变化很大结果状语,),【考点诠释】,I'm pleased to be invited to talk here.,我很高兴被邀在这里讲话原因状语,),I'm pleased to be invited to t,2,．不定式的时态,(1),不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生He seems to know this.,他似乎知道这件事I hope to see you next week.,我希望下周能见到你2．不定式的时态,,(2),不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生Don't pretend to be working hard. Just do what you should do.,不要假装努力工作。

做你该做的事3),不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前You appear to have travelled quite a lot.,你似乎旅行过多次2)不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作,3,．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况,(1),不定式作定语，和被修饰的名词有动宾关系又和句子中的另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时Please lend me a pen to write with.,请借给我一支钢笔写字3．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况,,(2),在“,be,＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与主语之间存在动宾关系时常见的此类形容词有,easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible,等The chair is very comfortable to sit on.,这把椅子坐着很舒适2)在“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与,,(3),在“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中Who do you think can tell us what to do?,你认为谁能告诉我们做什么？,(4),在“,be,＋形容词,/,副词＋,enough,＋不定式”结构中。

The novel was not interesting enough to publish.,这部小说的趣味性不够，不能发表3)在“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中考点四十三　不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语,【,真题再现,】,考点四十三　不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语,1,．,(2010·,全国,Ⅰ)Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________ from the library.,A. to borrow B. to be borrowed,C. borrowed D. borrowing,答案与解析：,C,句意：怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图maps,与,borrow,为动宾关系，因此空白处应用过去分词作后置定语，故答案为,C,项1．(2010·全国Ⅰ)Mrs. White showed,2,．,(2010·,重庆,)Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ________ first is the library.,A. repaired B. being repaired,C. repairing D. to be repaired,答案与解析：,D,不定式的被动式作后置定语表示被动关系及动作尚未发生。

2．(2010·重庆)Many buildings in t,3,．,(2010·,湖南,)So far nobody has claimed the money ________ in the library.,A. discovered B. to be discovered,C. discovering D. having discovered,答案与解析：,A,,money,和,discover,之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词形式,discovered,作定语，修饰,money,句意：到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆发现的钱3．(2010·湖南)So far nobody has c,4,．,(2010·,北京,)I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily.,A. advertised B. to be advertised,C. advertising D. having advertised,答案与解析：,A,动词,advertise,和名词,position,是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动；过去分词短语,advertised in yesterday's China Daily,在句中作,position,的后置定语。

B,项表示将要发生的动作，不合题意4．(2010·北京)I'm calling to enqu,5,．,(2010·,山东,)I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.,A. completing B. to complete,C. completed D. being completed,答案与解析：,B,根据句意在此处表示一个将要发生的动作，所以用动词不定式，故选,B,项句意：在这学期结束之前我有大量的阅读要完成C,项作定语表示已经完成，,D,项作定语表示正在进行，故都应排除5．(2010·山东)I have a lot of rea,6,．,(2010·,四川,)A great number of students ________ said they were forced to practise the piano.,A. to question B. to be questioned,C. questioned D. questioning,答案与解析：,C,句中,question,与其修饰的名词,students,之间是动宾关系,(,被动关系,),，因此用过去分词作定语。

6．(2010·四川)A great number of s,7,．,(2010·,陕西,)His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.,A. published B. to be published,C. to publish D. being published,答案与解析：,B,句意：下个月要出版的他的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为原型创作的此处表示将来，是被出版，要用不定式的被动式作定语7．(2010·陕西)His first book ____,8,．,(2010·,浙江,)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,A. being weighed B. to weigh,C. weighed D. weighing,答案与解析：,D,逻辑主语,young children,与,weigh,之间构成主谓关系，应该用,weigh,的现在分词形式,weighing,，相当于“,young children who weigh less than 40 pounds”,，答案选,D,项。

8．(2010·浙江)The traffic rule sa,【,考点诠释,】,1,．不定式作定语,不定式作定语时表将来作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词；不定式用来修饰由序数词、最高级或,no, all, any,等限定的中心词；不定式作定语时用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有：,ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way,等考点诠释】,She was the first student to come to school.,她是第一个到学校的学生I have no chance to go abroad.,我没有出国的机会She was the first student to c,2,．现在分词作定语,当被修饰的名词与定语在逻辑上是主谓关系时，动词使用现在分词单个分词作定语，放在名词前；分词短语作定语，放在名词后The girl singing on the stage is my young sister.,台上正在唱歌的女孩是我妹妹The girl,与现在分词,singing,在逻辑上是主谓关系,),2．现在分词作定语,We saw an exciting film last night.,昨晚我们看了一场令人兴奋的电影。

此用法与现在分词作表语类似类似用法的现在分词有,interesting, surprising, touching, moving, satisfying,等,),We saw an exciting film last n,3,．过去分词作定语,当被修饰的名词与定语在逻辑上是动宾关系时，动词使用过去分词单个分词作定语，放在名词前；分词短语作定语，放在名词后It is a novel written by Mark Twain.,这是马克,·,吐温写的一本小说a novel,与过去分词,written,在逻辑上是动宾关系,),3．过去分词作定语,The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didn't know the lady at all.,他脸上迷惑不解的表情表明他完全不认识那位女士此用法与过去分词作表语类似类似用法的过去分词短语有,a satisfied expression“,满意的表情”，,a surprised look“,惊讶的表情”，,an excited mind“,兴奋的心情”等,),The puzzled look on his face s,考点四十四　不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语,【,真题再现,】,考点四十四　不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语,1,．,(2010·,辽宁,)Alexander tried to get his work ________ in the medical circles.,A. to recognize B. recognizing,C. recognize D. recognized,答案与解析：,D,题干中含有“,get sth. done”,结构，表示“使某事被做”。

句意：,Alexander,试图使他的工作被医学界认可his work,与,recognize,为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作宾补故选,D,项1．(2010·辽宁)Alexander tried to,2,．,(2010·,湖南,)Listen! Do you hear someone ________ for help?,A. calling B. call,C. to call D. called,答案与解析：,A,,hear sb. doing sth.,表示听到某人正在做某事，,calling,在句中是现在分词作宾补句意：听！你听到有人正在喊救命吗？,2．(2010·湖南)Listen! Do you hear,【,考点诠释,】,1,．不定式作宾语补足语,不定式作补语有两种基本形式，即带,to,的不定式和不带,to,的不定式1),有些动词常跟带,to,的不定式作宾语补足语，即“动词＋,sb.,＋,to do sth.”,，常见的有,ask, wish, cause, force, invite, order, persuade, tell, advise, allow, encourage,等。

考点诠释】,The teacher encourages us to write a composition every week.,老师鼓励我们每周写一篇作文I wish you to go with us.,我希望你跟我们一起走注意区别,allow/permit doing,与,allow/permit sb. to do,They don't allow him to smoke in the office.,他们不允许他在办公室抽烟The teacher encourages us to w,They don't allow smoking in the office.,他们不允许有人在办公室抽烟They don't allow smoking in th,,(2),有些动词跟不带,to,的不定式作宾语补足语，结构为“动词＋,sb./sth.,＋,do sth.”,，类似用法的动词有,have, let, make,，,see,，,notice, observe, look at, watch, hear, feel,等，宾语与补语在逻辑上是主谓关系The man made Jim sweep the floor every evening.,那人要吉姆每晚扫地。

I saw her go into the room just now.,我看见她刚才进屋去了2)有些动词跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，结构为“动词,注意：当以上谓语动词用于被动语态时，要使用带,to,的不定式作补语,(,此情况下的补语实际上是主语补足语,),Jim was made to sweep the floor every evening.,在“,sb./sth. be said/believed/thought...”,结构中，其后常跟带,to,的不定式作主语补足语如果补语动作先于谓语动作发生，要用不定式的完成式注意：当以上谓语动词用于被动语态时，要使用带to的不定式作补,Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.,查尔斯,·,巴贝奇被认为发明了第一台计算机He is said to have been to many foreign countries.,据说他去过好多个国家Charles Babbage is generally c,2,．现在分词作宾语补足语,现在分词作宾语补足语，结构为“动词＋,sb./sth.,＋,doing”,，类似用法的动词有,have, keep, catch,和感官动词,see, notice, hear, watch, feel,等，宾语与补语在逻辑上是主谓关系。

He kept us laughing all the time during the meal.,吃饭的时候他让我们一直笑个不停He was caught cheating in the exam.,他在考试时被抓住作弊2．现在分词作宾语补足语,3,．过去分词作宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语，结构为“动词＋,sb./sth.,＋,done”,，宾语与补语在逻辑上是动宾关系类似用法的动词有,make, have,和感官动词,see, notice, hear, watch, feel,等He had never heard French spoken before.,以前他从来没听过别人讲法语What a mess! You should have your room cleaned at once.,真是太乱了！你要立刻让人将房间打扫干净3．过去分词作宾语补足语,注意以下两个句子的区别：,I saw him rob an old woman of her handbag.,我看见他抢一个老妇人的手提包I saw him robbed of his bag.,我看见他的包被抢了注意以下两个句子的区别：,考点四十五　不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词作表语,【,真题再现,】,考点四十五　不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词作表语,,(2010·,福建,)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.,A. sticking B. stuck,C. to be stuck D. to have stuck,答案与解析：,B,句意：四月份，成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。

此处,remain,作系动词，后跟过去分词作表语，表示被动，故选择过去分词,stuck,2010·福建)In April, thousands,【,考点诠释,】,1,．不定式与动名词作表语时的区别,不定式作表语时多表示具体的将来的动作，所以当主语是,wish, purpose, aim, idea, task,，,step, way,等时，表语常用不定式；相对于不定式，动名词更接近名词的性质，其作表语时多表示习惯性动作，所以当主语是,job, hobby, favorite,等时，表语常用动名词考点诠释】,My dream is to enter Beijing University.,我的梦想是考入北京大学My job is teaching you English.,我的工作是教你英语My dream is to enter Beijing U,2,．现在分词与过去分词作表语时的区别,多数情况下，如果主语是人，表语使用过去分词，即“人＋,be/look,等＋过去分词”；如果主语是事或物，表语使用现在分词，即“物＋,be/look,等＋现在分词”All of us were so disappointed at his absence.,我们都对他的缺席感到失望。

2．现在分词与过去分词作表语时的区别,Though the trip was tiring, we felt very happy.,尽管这次旅途令人疲倦，我们还是感觉很高兴事实上，当表示主语处于某种状态中，即“感到,/,觉得,……”,时，表语要使用过去分词，所以有时主语是物时表语也要使用过去分词；而当表示主语具有“令人或使别人感到,……”,的特征或性质时，表语要使用现在分词，所以有时主语是人时表语也要使用现在分词He is terrifying.,他很吓人他的长相或举动令人,害怕,),Though the trip was tiring, we,He is terrified.,他很害怕Please describe a dog that is frightened.,请描述一只惊恐的狗狗受到了惊吓,),Please describe a dog that is frightening.,请描述一只令人害怕的狗常用的过去分词有：,interested, excited, surprised, puzzled, amused, confused, embarrassed, satisfied,等；,He is terrified.他很害怕。

常用的现在分词有：,interesting, exciting, surprising, puzzling, amusing, confusing, embarrassing, satisfying,等常用的现在分词有：interesting, exciting,考点四十六　不定式和动名词作宾语,【,真题再现,】,考点四十六　不定式和动名词作宾语,1,．,(2010·,辽宁,)—It's no use having ideas only.,—Don't worry. Peter can show you ________ to turn an idea into an act.,A. how B. who,C. what D. where,答案与解析：,A,分析句子结构可知，此处是“疑问词＋动词不定式”代替宾语从句句意：,Peter,可以向你展示如何把点子变为行动连接词,how,表示“如何”，合乎语意1．(2010·辽宁)—It's no use having,2,．,(2009·,四川,)He told us whether ________ a picnic was still under discussion.,A. to have B. having,C. have D. had,答案与解析：,A,“疑问词＋动词不定式”是由一个名词性从句简化而来的结构，在句中可以作宾语、主语和表语。

此处“,whether,＋不定式”在句中作主语2．(2009·四川)He told us whether,3,．,(2009·,陕西,)I still remember ________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.,A. to take B. to be taken,C. taking D. being taken,答案与解析：,D,表示“记得做过某事”时,remember,后面要接动词,­ing,形式，而不接动词不定式这里,take,与句子的主语,I,之间存在动宾关系，故用动词,­ing,形式的被动式故选,D,项3．(2009·陕西)I still remember __,【,考点诠释,】,1,．通常跟不定式作宾语的词有,afford, agree, want, wish, hope, refuse, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, determine, expect, beg, choose, force, intend, attempt, fail, claim, long (v.), plan, prepare, would like (love, prefer), seek,等。

考点诠释】,2,．通常跟动名词作宾语的词有,acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, involve,等3,．有些动词的后面可用不定式或动名词作宾语，但是意义差别很大这些动词有,forget, remember, regret, mean, stop, try, can't help, go on,等2．通常跟动名词作宾语的词有acknowledge, adm,4,．在,allow,，,advise, forbid, permit,等动词后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，用带,to,的不定式作宾语补足语5,．,need, want, deserve, require,＋动名词主动形式表被动意义，相当于用不定式的被动式。

6,．在,devote...to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to, be (kept) busy, be worth, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), It's no use/good, feel like, get down to,等短语或句式中，须用动名词作宾语4．在allow，advise, forbid, permi,7,．在,like, hate, prefer,等动词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语；如指特定或具体某次行动，多用不定式8,．,be worth doing,＝,be worthy to be done/of being done,值得做某事,7．在like, hate, prefer等动词后，如果表示,考点四十七　独立主格结构,【,真题再现,】,考点四十七　独立主格结构,,(2010·,山东,)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked.,A. laid B. laying,C. to lay D. being laid,答案与解析：,A,,lay,意思是“摆放，搁”，和其逻辑主语,table,是动宾关系，,already,表明动作已经完成，表示被动和完成应该用动词的过去分词形式。

句意：起居室既整洁又干净，为了正要做的饭，一张餐桌已经摆好了2010·山东)The living room is c,【,考点诠释,】,独立主格结构从语法上说不是句子，通常在句中独立存在常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：,1,．名词,/,代词＋介词短语：,The boy came in, sword in hand.(,＝,a sword in his hand),．,男孩走进来，手里握着剑考点诠释】,2,．名词,/,代词＋副词：,The meeting over, we all went home.,会议结束后，我们都回家了2．名词/代词＋副词：,3,．名词,/,代词＋形容词：,The students were having a discussion,，,their faces red with excitement.,学生们正在进行讨论，他们因为激动，脸都红了3．名词/代词＋形容词：,4,．名词,/,代词＋非谓语动词,(,现在分词、过去分词、不定式,),：注意现在分词表示主动、进行概念；过去分词表示被动、完成概念；动词不定式表示将来的动作It being a fine day, we went out for a picnic last Sunday.,因为天气好，我们上周日出去郊游了。

All things considered, we will be much more successful.,把所有的情况都考虑进去，我们将会更加成功4．名词/代词＋非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)：注,5,．,with,＋名词,/,代词＋形容词,/,副词,/,介词短语,/,非谓语动词构成独立主格结构，在句中作定语或状语With the boy leading the way, we found the office easily.,有这个男孩领路，我们很容易找到了办公室They left, with the work half finished.,他们离开了，留下一半工作没做5．with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词,。