材料专业常用词汇.docx

材料科学 Material Science材料科学定义 Material Science Definition强度 Strength抗腐蚀及耐用 Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性 Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护 Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection 化学元素 Chem ical element元素的原子序数 Atom of Elements原子及固体物质 Atom and solid material原子的组织图 Atom Constitutes周期表 Periodic Table原子键结合 Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal晶体结构，晶格及单位晶胞 Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 金属晶格 Metal space lattice晶格常数 Latt ice constant米勒指数 Mill's Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution间隙固熔体 Interstitial solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound相变 Transformation相变点 Transformation Point磁性相变 Magnetic Transformation同素相变 Allotropic Transformation 热平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium 自由度 Degree of freedom临界温度 Crit ical temperature共晶 Eutectic 包晶温度 Peritectic 亚共晶体 Hypoeutectic Alloy 过共晶体 Hypereutectic Alloy塑性变形 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion晶体结构: 晶胞中的原子数 atoms per cell, 点阵 lattice, 阵点 lattice point, 密排六方 hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞 hexagonal unit cell, 体心立方 body-centered cubic, 面心立方 face-centered cubic, 晶系 crystal system,相变机理 Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变 nuclea tion - grow th t ransi tion,有序无序转变 disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变 martensite phase transformation，成核势垒 nucleation barrier, 晶核，结晶中心 nucl eus of crystal, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂 matrix, 子晶，雏晶 matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种 seed crystal, 耔晶取向 seed orientation, 籽晶生长 seeded growth, 均 匀 形 核 homogeneous nucleation, 异 质 形 核 heterogeneous nucleation自恰场 self-consistent field缺陷 defect, imperfection, 点缺陷 point defect,线缺陷 line defect, 位错 dislocation,位错排列 dislocation arrangement,位错滑移 dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip, 位错聚结 dislocation coalescence,体积膨胀 volume dilation, 体积收缩 volume shrinkage,回火 tempering, 退火 annealing,淬火 quenching, 淬火硬化 quenching hardening,正火 normalizing, normalization, 人工时效 artificial aging, 回复 Crystal Recovery 再结晶 Recrystallization 形变热处理 ausforming, 等温退火 austempering,奥氏体 austenite, 奥氏体化 austenitizing,贝氏体 bainite, 马氏体淬火 marquench, 马氏体退火 martemper, 马氏体时效钢 maraging steel, 渗碳体 cementite, 铁素体 ferrite 扩散系数 diffusivity, 烧结 sintering, 相图与相结构 phase diagrams and phase structures , 吉布斯相律 Gibbs phase rule, 吉布斯熵 Gibbs entropy, 吉布斯函数 Gibbs function, 相界 phase boundary, 相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking, 共格相 phase-coherent, 相衬 phase contrast, 相变滞后 phase transition lag, 显微结构 microstructures, 不混溶固溶体 immiscible solid solution,金属材料的性能及试验 Properties & testing of metal 化学性能 Chemical Properties 物理性能 Physical Properties 磁性 Magnetism比电阻 Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比重 Specific gravity & specific density 电导率和电阻率 conductivity and resistivity, 应力和应变 stress and strain, 弹性应变 elastic strain,塑性应变 plastic strain,最大抗拉强度 ultimate tensile strength, 延展性 ductility,伸长率 elongation,断面收缩率 reduction of area,颈缩 necking,断裂强度 breaking strength,韧性 toughness,硬度 hardness,疲劳强度 fatigue strength,热脆性 heat shortness,比热 Specific Heat热膨胀系数 Coefficient of thermal expansion 热导率 Heat conductivity屈服强度 Yield strength 屈服点 yield point弹性限度、elastic limit,杨氏弹性系数 Young's module of elasticityinspection金属材料的试验方法 The Method of Metal无损检验 Non - des true tive inspec tions渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法 Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法 Microscopic inspection损伤检验 Destructive Inspection冲击测试 Impact Test疲劳测试 Fatigue Test蠕变测试 Creep Test蠕变强度 Creeps Strength涡流检测 eddy current test应力松弛试验 stress relaxation test声发射检测 acoust ic emission inspection第一蠕变期 Primary Creep 第二蠕变期 Secondary Creep钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel钢铁用 "碳"之含量来分类 Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相 Steel Phases钢铁的名称 Name of steel铁素体 Ferrite渗碳体 Cementite奥氏体 Austenite 珠光体及共析钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid 奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel 单相金属 Single Phase Metal 共析相变 Eutectoid Transformation 连续铸造法 Cont inuous casting process 电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit镇静钢 Killed steel半镇静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢 Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压 及延轧 The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢以元素分类 Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车（快削）不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢 Leaded Free Cutting Steel 含硫易车钢 Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel淬透性 Hardenability钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittl eness材料的加工性能 Drawing ability 表面处理 Surface finish 冷轧（低碳）钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip厚度及宽度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width弯度 Camber防止生锈 Rust Protection生锈速度表 Speed of rusting焊接 Welding 气焊 Gas Welding 点焊 Spot welding 滚焊 Seam welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding 电阻焊 Resistance Welding 电 镀锌钢 片或 电解 钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel 。