小学六年级英语第11讲：情态动词（教师版）.docx

第〃讲晴态幼彳司大脳体標作业死成情况知识梳理情态动词这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、 "应当”等这类动词有 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might 等它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，例如：I can dance.（我会跳舞can,能，会一•情态动词的主要特征l. can. may. must都有各自的词义，表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态，因词义 不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语2情态动词没有人称和数的变化构成疑问句时，通常放在主语前面；构成否定句时，not 放在这些情态动词之后可用它们的缩写形式（cant, cannot, mustnt等）二、情态动词的种类情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够，会cant不能，不会could能够，会couldnt不能，不会may可以//must必须mustt不允许，不能shall将，要//should应该shouldn" t不应该n eed需要needn， t不必would将会，愿wouldnt不会，不愿三•情态动词主要用法1. can, could 和 be able to1) 表示能力，例如：I can speak a little Japanese・She couldnt speak Chinese when she came to our school last month.Be able to代替can,也可以表示能力。

但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could),而be able to则有更多的吋态形式，例如：My little brother has been able to write.2) 表示允许，准许，这时can与may可以互换，例如：Can/May I borrow your bike tomorrow?Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow.You cant smoke here・表示请求时肯定的回答方式有：Yes, you can/Of course/Certainly./Sure 否定回答方式有：No, you can1/No, you mustnt.3) 表示客观可能性，用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定例如：He cannot/cant be there.Can this news be true?4) could除表示can的过去式外，在口语中还常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求这时could和can没有时间上的差别例如：Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow?Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy?2. may 和 might1) 表示“准许”和“许可”，这时可与can替换。

例如：May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment?May I take these magazines out of the reading room? No, you mustrft・2) 表示说话人的猜测，认为某事“可能”发生，例如：Wheres John? He may be at the library.Mr. Green hasn5t talked with her. He may not know her.He may be at home.Maybe he was at home・3) might除表示may的过去式外，在口语中还常代替may,表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可 能性较小这吋might和may没有吋间上的差异例如：Might (May) I speak to you for a few minutes? Might I have a photo of your family?3. must1） must表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等现在式与过去式 同形如：I must go to school today.He told me I mustrft leave until my mother came・2） must表示推测，“一定是”、“准是”，例如：They must be very tired・ Let them have a rest.Jack does nt look well. He must be ill.注意：> have to表示“必须”、“不得不”，它不仅能代替must,用于现在时和过去时以外的其他 时态，表示说话人的主观看法，而且又表示客观上的需要。

例如：If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home・The ship started to go down slowly. We must leave the ship.> 在回答must的疑问句时，否定回答常用neednt表示“不必”，例如：Must I return this book to you in two weeks?（这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗？） Yes, you must.（是的No, you needn5t.（不，不必了4. needneed （需要）既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词1） need作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句例如:Its warm today. You needrft put on your coat.Need I post your books to you?2) need作及物动词时：need sth/to do sth/tioing sth四.情态动词常见句型1 Can I help you? Yes, please・ / No, thanks.2、Can + 主语 + 动词原形？Yes, ~ can. No,〜cant.3^ Can I borrow your book?—-Yes, of course・4. Can I write on the book? No, you can 1\mustnt5. Could \Can you help me?-— Yes, of course.\Certainly.\ Sure・6. Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo?7x May I come in ?……Come in, please.8^ May I sit here?——Yes, pleaseASorry, please dont・9^ May I have some Coke?…・ Yes, of course.10^ May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom?——Speaking. Whos calling?11、 should、shouldnt 表示劝告:1) He should get up early.2) She shouldnl play computer game too much・12、 Should + 主语 + 动词原形? Yes,〜shouldA No,〜shouldnt13、表示建议“你愿意…吗”-—Would you like to go shopping with me? ……Yes, Td love to. /Id love to. But Im busy now.14^ 就餐用语 Would you like something to eat\drink? -—Yes, Td like...15、 shall用于第一人称(I, we),可以表示“将”和表示建议“……好吗？”1) Where shall we have dinner?2) Shall we go fishing?——All right. \OK. \Good idea.neednt16、 Must + 主语 + 动词原形？ …Yes,〜 must.\No,教学重・碓点1. 情态动词的种类和主要用法；2. 各个情态动词之间的意义区分；3. 常见的含有情态动词的口语；4.趣味引入（不用添加内容，任课老师根据学生情况白行添加）适当的情态动词填空:1 ・ Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you .答案：neednt2. I use your car? Yes, you .答案：Can, cant3・ I go home now? No, you stay here・答案：Can, must4. My mother is ill. I stay at home and look after her.答案：should5・ you like some tea?答案：Would6. You take more exercise.答案：should7. you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?答案：Can8. The clock 答案：cantell us the time.9. you like to go fishing with me?答案：Would10. we play football this afternoon?答案：CanThis is Lucy and that is Lily. They are twins. They look 1 . They are 2 . They are new students in 3 class. They are 4 Grade One. Jim can 5 them. They are new 6 . They go to the shop(商店).They would like something 7 and drink. Lucy would like 8 some bread・ Lily would like 9 a bottle of 10 - Jim would like some apples・( )1 ・A・ a same B. the same C. same D. an same答案与解析：B固定词组look the same意为"看起來很像”。

)2.A. twin B. sisters C・ brothers D. American答案与解析：b Lucy和Lily为女孩名又是双胞胎，所以她们应是姐妹关系)3.A. JimB. of JimC. JimsD. of Jims答案与解析：c名词加“s”表示有生命的东西的名词所有格 )4.A. on答案与解析：CB. at C. in表示在哪个年级，班级用介词in.D. of( )5.A. look like B. look after C. look at D. look答案与解析:b lo。