高中英语定语从句--知识点、难点与考点解析.doc

中学英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whom which that宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2．关系代词的用法 (1) 假如先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

例如：All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 假如先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whomare well educated. (4) which还有一种特别用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数状况下意思是与and this 相像，并可以指人例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。

(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的 (7) 假如作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应当用that例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 假如先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应当用 who 或whom，不用 which例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you3．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍运用的结构 (1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不行用 that 。

(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或缘由关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当缘由状语 2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或缘由 That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或缘由，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。

非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不行用that引导 2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 (1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词 3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离例如：He was the only person in this country who was invited四、As在定语从句中的用法 1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词2）as 也可单独运用，引导非The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.限制性定语从句，作用相当于which例如：（3）the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的 2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较敏捷，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

例如： (1) As is expected, the England team won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.五、定语从句学习简单出错的几方面 1、在定语从句中加了多余的或缺少宾语成分Some of the boys I invited the didn't come. She told the wrongs had been done to her by the boss.2、把定语从句的主谓一样问题Those who has finished may go now.3、当先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，分不清关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分Is this the school where Mr. White visited last month 4、分不清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句The naughty boy often knocked at the Wangs' door, that made the family unhappy. 5、与强调句混淆。

It was in the afternoon when I saw him in the park.应当为：It was in that afternoon that I saw him in the park.6、忽视只能用that，不能用which的状况We should do all which is useful to the people.典型高考英语陷阱题详解•定语从句1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand" A. that B. whichC. where D. what3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like. A. that B. whoC. as D. whom5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that B. it C. themD. which6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field. A. whom B. them C. which D. who7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. themC. which D. who、8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is. A. as B. which C. what D. that10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company. A. which B. whenC. how D. where答案：1-5 C C B C D 6-10 A B A D A解析：1.【陷阱】简单误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

分析】最佳答案是C，around w。