新编大学英语第二册 Unit5 dreams.ppt
105页Unit FiveDreams PreparationPassage Reading Further DevelopmentPost Reading Did you dream last night?How much do you know about your dreams? What did you dream of? Preparation3Talking About Your DreamsDirections: Work in pairs and discuss your dreams. You may base your discussion about dreams on the following questions. 1) Do you have recurring dreams, that is, dreams that you often have?2) Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any explanation for your dreams? Useful Words and Expressionshorrible confusing signnightmaredisturbing relaxsweet dreams symbol exchangeseek adviceindication subconsciousSamplesSamplesvA: Do you have recurring dreams?vB: Yes. I often dream of having to take an exam I haven’t prepared for.vA: Oh that’s the case for me. I think many students have such dreams. Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams or tried to find any explanations for them?vB: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I don’t have any explanations for them. My grandmother told me that if I dream of coffins or water, I will make a fortune. I did dream of water, but I am not rich. I ask my parents for money every month. Possible causes of the following dreams1.Dreaming of walking on hot coals; Maybe the one who had the dream was worried about sth.2.Dreaming of a dolphin; He may want to go to the zoo or swim.3.Dreaming of losing your job or house; Lately, he’s so unfortunate.4.Dreaming of taking a final exam; Success is around the corner. 5.Dreaming of drinking wine; He’s so upset about sth. 6.Dreaming of drinking water; He’s thirsty. 7.Dreaming that doorbells or telephones ring; He is quite absorbed in sth. 8.Dreaming that you try to run but your legs won’t move. He is tired.The Meaning of “Dream”Figurative use: (as a noun) an idea, aspiration, or ambition; (as a verb) to imaging, to inventLiteral meaning: (as a noun) a series of pictures or events in the mind of a sleeping person; (as a verb) to have a dreamDream & AspirationTo dream anything that you want to dream. That’s the beauty of the human mind. To do anything that you want to do. That is the strength of the human will. To trust yourself to test your limits. That is the courage to succeed. —Bernard Edmonds梦想你想憧憬的一切,这是灵魂之美。
做你想做的一切,这是意梦想你想憧憬的一切,这是灵魂之美做你想做的一切,这是意志之坚相信自己,挑战极限,乃成功之必备的勇气相信自己,挑战极限,乃成功之必备的勇气 ————伯纳德伯纳德·埃德蒙埃德蒙Passage ReadingBackgroundInformationPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Background Information 1. Sigmund Freud2. Carl Jung 1. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) An Austrian doctor who developed a new system for understanding the way that people’s minds work, and a new way of treating mental illness called psychoanalysis (心理分析). He believed that the bad experiences that peoplehave as children can affect their mental health as adults, and that by talking to mentally ill people about their past life and feelings, the hidden causes of their illness can be found. He wrote The Interpretation of Dreams and The Ego and the Id. His ideas, especially about the importance of sex, had a very great influence on the way that people thought in the 20th century.132. Carl Jung (1875-1961) A Swiss psychiatrist (精神病医师,精神病学家) who studied the importance of dreams and religion in problems of the mind, and divided people intoPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Background Information two groups, introverts (格性内向的人) and extroverts (性格外向的人). Jung developed the idea of the collective unconscious (集体无意识:在荣格心理学里指一个社会、一个民族或整个人类共有的头脑中部分无意识状态,是精神遗传的产物,包含诸如科学观、宗教观、伦理观等), the belief that people’s feelings and reactions are often based on deep memories of human experience in the past. He worked with Sigmund Freud until they had a serious disagreement.1415Read the passage quickly and discuss the mian idea and organization with your partner. Are You a Dreamer? Dreams—why do we have them? Do they mean anything? Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep, but they still don’t offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us. Everyone dreams—it’s just that some of us can’t remember doing so. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall asleep. We dream for most of the night, but we’re only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 17 This is when we dream. 1 We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first occurringoccurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep . 2 After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses. 3The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream—to review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need. Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 18 Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. 4Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. And the frustrating dream in which you try to run but your legs won’t move may be explained by bedding that is too tight. Anyone who sleeps through their alarm may well dream of doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple examples of how the unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us. Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 19 But such physiological explanations are not enough to tell us why we dream. 5Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams. Some dreams reflect inner fears that are instantly recognizable. Dreaming of losing your job or house can reflect real fears, even if they are only subconscious. Most of us have dreamed that we had to take a final exam for a difficult course, which we had never taken, or in which we had done poorly. Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading But what of the dreams that do not have such an obvious meaning? For centuries, both men and women have sought the answers in so-called dream dictionaries, possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. According to these dictionaries, a dream about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life. By AD 200, dream dictionaries had lost none of their popularity, and the ancient Greek Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen). Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 21 Today, there are countless books offering dream interpretations in libraries and bookshops. They’re as popular as ever with dream enthusiasts, but most experts warn that they should be read with care. Psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains, “Dreams are closely tied up with an individual’s mind and analysis is so open to mistakes or errors. I believe you can only discover the true meaning of a dream if you know the person who had the dream.” (595 words) Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 22Organization AnalysisPartParaMain IdeaPart IPara.1Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. Part IIPara.2-3 Scientific facts about dreams and sleep. Part IIIPara.4-6Possible causes of dreams.Part IVPara.7-9Dream interpretation. >>More>>More>>MorePart II Para.2-3 Scientific facts about dreams and sleep.Para.4 Some dreams may have a physiological cause. Para.5 That explanation is not enough and there are disputes.Para.6 Another cause is people’s reflection of inner fears.Para.2 Dreaming occurs when we are in REM sleep.Para.3 The main purposes of sleeping: to give us rest and to allow us to dreamPart III Para.4-6 Possible causes of dream.Part Two: In-Class Reading >>Global ReadingPart IV Para.7-9 Dream interpretation.Para.7 The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.Para.8 Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).Para.9 There are countless interpretations, while people should read with care.Part Two: In-Class Reading >>Global ReadingWork in groups to answer the following questions.We dream for most of the night. However, we are only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.1)What kind of sleep can enable us to remember our dreams?We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night. The first one appears about 90 minutes after we are asleep. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes. Our dreaming periods get longer as the night progresses.2)Can you describe something of the REM sleep?Directions: Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.____1) Scientists have discovered the possible causes of some dreams.____2) Even those who claim that they never dream actually dream for most of the night.____3) We dream when we are in REM sleep.____4) We can’t remember our dreams if we don’t wake up while we are still in REM sleep.____5) We repeat the same dream every 90 minutes.Understanding Specific InformationTTTTF_____ 6) Dreaming helps us forget unnecessary material from our memories._____ 7) Some dreams can be explained as affected by physical surroundings._____ 8) Dreams may indicate what has been worrying someone._____ 9) The oldest dream dictionary was written 5000 years ago._____10) According to Kenneth Saunders, it is impossible to explain dreams. TTTFF29Summary In the past few _________, scientific advances still didn’t offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to _______ us. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall _________. The main purpose of sleeping may be to _______ us to dream—to ________ our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way.Direction: Fill in the blanks with as many words from the text as possible.decadespuzzleasleepallowreview30 The causes of dreams ______. Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. And some dreams ________ inner fears that are instantly recognizable. People have _________ answers to the meanings of dreams. There are countless books offering dream ______________. But psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains, “Dreams are closely _____ up with an individual’s mind.” varyreflectsoughtinterpretationstied311. We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep.我们每晚有四、五个REM睡眠阶段,第一次出现在入睡90分钟左右。
It is an absolute construction that functions as the complementary part.the first occurring…这部分是分词独立主格结构,对主句起补充说明的作用 TranslationCommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 独立主格是一种复合结构,在句中作状语独立主格结构中名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系通常逻辑主语与句子主语一致如果不一致的话,分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语(名词或代词),构成分词的独立结构(或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构)分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等 To be continuedCommentsUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 33Examples1) The two boys gathered their gear and headed for home, stomachs crying for food, backs burning from too much sun, and legs stiff from sitting. (补充说明) 2) There being no taxis, we had to walk home. (原因状语) 3) Weather permitting, we could do the work much better. (条件状语) 4) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (方式、伴随状语) Understanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 342. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses. 此后梦期每90分钟复现一次,每次持续15到45分钟,持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐延长。
Getting longer…” is the adverbial clause of the sentence. Its logic subject is “dreaming periods”. 分词短语getting longer…在句中作状语,起补充说明作用其逻辑主语即本句的主语dreaming periods 现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)都可以在句中引导状语,表示方式、伴随情况或补充说明 To be continuedTranslationCommentsUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading •He came back, utterly exhausted. (补充说明)•He sat at the window reading a newspaper. (伴随情况)•The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking merrily. (伴随情况)•The ancient Greek Artemidous wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen). (补充说明)ExamplesTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 361. “when/if/while/though / as if +V-ed分词”作状语,能使“V-ed”分词结构所表示的分句更加明确。
这种结构往往被看成一种省略结构,省略的主语必须与主句的主语相同Even if invited, I won’t go fishing.Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.2. 分词短语作状语与独立主格结构的区别:分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则,就必须在分词的前面另加分词自己的主语(名词或主语代词)构成独立主格结构,其作用也相当于状语从句To be continuedNotesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 37 3.除了表明伴随情况和作补充说明,分词短语还可以作时间状语,原因状语,条件状语等例如:1) Looking around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus. (When I was looking around.) (表明时间)2) Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe sentence by the judge. (表明原因)3) Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance. (表明条件)4)Though surrounded, the soldiers were not discouraged. (表明让步)NotesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 3. The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream—to review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need. 睡眠的主要目的(除让我们休息外)也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望,还有就是让我们在潜意识中观察自我,把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。
TranslationUnderstanding Sentences To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 在这个长句中,破折号后的两个动词不定式短语“to review…”和“to get…”是平行结构,解释说明“to dream”的具体内容,而结尾处的现在分词短语“getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need”表示伴随的状况 CommentsUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 404. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. 梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是因为睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器 The expression “may well” means “be very likely to” (很可能). It can also be written as “might well” which means a slighter probability (较小的可能性).TranslationCommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 1)Wages may well fall to very low levels over the next few decades.2) Her life might well have been prolonged if she had been taken to hospital sooner. ExamplesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 425. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams. 有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈,仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果,然而,有些人则认为最简单的梦都具有重要的含义。
To be continuedTranslationComments“Some… some…” introduces two parallel sentences. “While” indicates the comparison relationship.Understanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 43“… merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, …” is the apposition of “total nonsense”.该句中some… some…引导的两个句子是平行结构;while又表明两者的对比关系在前半句中,merely the result of… the brain是total nonsense的同位语CommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 44The expression “read something into something” means “think that a situation, action, etc. has a meaning or importance that it does not really have (错误地认为某事含有某种含义)”.It was only a casual remark. I think you’re reading too much into it. ExamplesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading Word Studyreveal v.1. to show or allow (sth. previously hidden to be seen) 展现,显露 The curtain opened, to reveal a darkened stage.2. make known (sth. previously secret or unknown) 泄露 I can now reveal that the new director is to be John.To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 46Word Studysynonym: disclose v. to make known (esp. something that has been kept secret) publicly 公开泄露,透漏(尤指秘密) The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the murder victim.antonym:conceal v. to hide; keep from being seen or known 隐藏,隐瞒 He concealed his debts from his wife.Back to the textPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 47Word Studyphysical adj. Back to the text1. natural, material 自然的,物质的 e.g. physical geography 自然地理2. of the body 身体的 physical fitness / physical exercise / physical examination3. of or concerning physics 物理的,物理学的 physical sciencecf. physicist 物理学家; physician 内科医生Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 48puzzle v. 1.to make someone feel helpless and uncertain 使某人感到困惑What puzzles me is why they didn’t take her advice.I feel puzzled at the pictures. 这幅画使我感到困惑。
How do you deal with the puzzling situation? 你如何应 对这令人困惑的处境呢?Word StudyTo be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 49Word Studypuzzle about/over to make a great effort of the mind in order to find the answer to a question 为······冥思苦想,因······伤脑筋 I have been puzzling over all the figures, trying to find what happened to the missing money.puzzle something out to find the answer to (a problem) by thinking hard 苦思而求得······的答案 I’m trying to puzzle out the meaning of his words.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 50occur v. 1. (esp. of unplanned events) to take place; happen (尤指意外的事件)发生 The tragedy occurred only minutes after the take-off. 2. to be found; exist 被发现;存在That sound doesn’t occur in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.Word StudyTo be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 51Word StudyBack to the textoccur to [no passive 无被语动态] (of an idea) to come to someone’s mind (主意)浮现于脑中It suddenly occurred to me that we could use computer to do the job. 我突然想到可以利用计算机来做这件事情。
Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 52frustrate v.1. prevent sb. from doing or achieving sth. 阻止某人做成某事;妨碍 He had hoped to set a new world record, but was frustrated by bad weather.2. upset or discourage sb. 使沮丧,使灰心 Mary was frustrated by the lack of appreciation shown of her work. Word StudyPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading conscious adj. 1. able to understand what is happening; awake 有知觉的;神志清醒的 He is badly hurt but still conscious. 2. knowing; understanding; seeing with the mind(下意识地)意识到的;察觉到的 We suddenly became conscious of a sharp increase in temperature.3. (用于复合词) thinking about or very concerned with the stated thing 有······意的, 注重······的money-conscious 金钱观念很强的 media-conscious politicians 对新闻媒介很敏感的政治家Word StudyTo be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 54synonyms: alive, aware, awake Word StudyTo be continuedalive adj. aware of alert or responsive to 意识到的;警觉的;对······有反应的 He was alive to the dangers of the work.aware (of) adj. conscious; having knowledge 意识到的 He said the government had acutely been aware of the problem.awake adj. conscious 意识到的 We are fully awake to the difficulties we will meet.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 55Word Study近形词: conscience, conscientiousconscience n.a moral sense of right and wrong, esp. as felt by a person and affecting behavior 良心,道德,是非观念 My conscience won’t allow me to cheat her.conscientious adj. showing or done with great care, attention, or seriousness of purpose 认真的,谨慎的,勤奋的 He used to be a conscientious student.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 56misfire v.1. (of a plan or joke) go wrong and do not have the result that one intended 不奏效,未达到预期效果 I was worried that the plan might misfire.Word Study2. (of a gun) fail to go off correctly; (of an engine, etc.) fail to start or function properly (枪)发射不出子弹;(发动机)不能正常发动或工作 The gun misfired after one shot and jammed. That loud bang is caused by the engine misfiring.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 57reflect v. 2. express; give an idea of 反映,表明 The literature of a period reflects its values and tastes. 1. [esp. passive] (of a mirror, etc.) make a visible image of sb./sth. (镜子)映出,照出 He looked at his face reflected in the mirror. Word StudyTo be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 58Word Study 1. change the ending or form of (a word) to show its grammatical function in a sentence 变化词尾 Most English verbs are inflected with “-ed” in the past tense.2. make (the voice) higher or lower in speaking 使说话声音变高或变低 By inflecting the voice one can hold the attention of an audience. cf.inflect v. Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 59Word StudyTo be continuedpredict v.say in advance that something will happen; forecast 预言某事将发生,预报 The earthquake had been predicted several months before.synonyms: forecast, foresee, foretellforecast v. say, esp. with the help of some kind of knowledge We forecast that a fall in employment will occur next month.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading Word StudyTo be continuedn. a statement of future events, based on some kind of knowledge foresee v. form an idea or judgment about; expect We should have foreseen this trouble weeks ago.foretell v. tell what will happen in the future Who can foretell what will happen at the end of this century?According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 61Cf. predicate v. to state the existence of (a quality) as belonging to someone or something 宣称;断言······为某物的属性 They predicate that the market collapse was caused by weakness of the dollar. 他们声称价格暴跌是由于美元疲软而引起的。
Word Studyn. 谓语Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading Word Studyanalysis n. 1. a careful examination of sth. in order to understand it better 分析 The close analysis of sales figure shows clear regional variations.2. (idm.) in the last / final analysis 总之,归根结底 In the final analysis I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Detailed Reading 63大半个晚上我们都做梦大半个晚上我们都做梦 We dream for most of the night. 人们对这样的问题感人们对这样的问题感兴趣已有好几百年了兴趣已有好几百年了Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. 科学的进步科学的进步 scientific advances 64热衷于探讨梦的人热衷于探讨梦的人 dream enthusiasts 随着夜晚的深入随着夜晚的深入…… As the night progresses, …考一门很难的课程考一门很难的课程 to take an exam for a difficult course Post Reading●Sentence Translation●Phrase Translation ●Vocabulary●Word -BuildingDirections: Work in pairs to complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word derived from or related to the one in brackets.1. VocabularyTo be continued1) What did he say in __________ of his lateness? (explain)2) The exhibition will be of interest to classic car owners and other motoring __________. (enthusiasm)3) After the two hours’ __________ delay, our train finally arrived. (frustrate)4) The _________ of home computers has increased greatly in recent years. (popular)explanation enthusiastsfrustratingpopularityPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading5) Murphy was attacked by three young men and beaten ____________. (conscious)6) The severe thunderstorm knocked out the __________ power in our neighborhood. (electricity)7) The mouse went past the sleeping cat in a series of short ___________. (move) 8) Bill is _____________ from the many movies he has appeared in. (recognize)9) My teacher’s ____________ of the theory helped me understand it. (interpret)10) A(n) __________ number of stars shone in the nighttime sky. (count)unconsciouslyelectricalmovementsrecognizableinterpretationcountlessPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading68Task ADirections: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word in the box. Some of the words can be used more than once. 1) I’m surprised to see you awake; ten minutes ago you were fast _______.2) She spent many ________ nights thinking about her troubles.sleepsleepyasleepsleeper sleeping sleptsleepless2. Word-BuildingTo be continuedasleepsleeplessPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading693) He hadn’t had a proper night’s _______ for a month.4) I was too _______ to watch the end of the show.5) I was so tired I fell _______ during the lecture.6) He was so tired that he _______ like a log.7) A sleeping car is a railway carriage containing beds for passengers to ______ in.8) Don’t worry—you won’t wake him—he’s a heavy ________.sleepsleepyasleepsleptsleepsleepersleepsleepyasleepsleeper sleeping sleptsleeplessPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading70Directions: The prefix sub- is added to certain verbs, nouns and adjectives to mean 1)under, below; 2)lower in rank and 3)not quite, almost. Guess the meaning of the words in the box and complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word. Change the form if necessary. You can refer to a dictionary or see the notes.subway submarine submerge subzero subspecies subnormal subculture subtropical To be continuedTask B1) She was taken to hospital after being __________ in an icy river for 45 minutes.2) Social workers are interested in the violent __________ of London youth gangs.submergedsubculturePart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-ReadingNotes713) The ____________ dived before it was spotted by the enemy aircraft.4) There is a _________ from the bus station to the shopping center.5) She can’t adapt to the _________ temperature of a Siberian winter.6) __________ regions are cooler than equatorial regions.7) Several other ___________ of gulls are found in the region.8) He was born ___________ and will never learn to speak. submarinesubwaysubzeroSubtropicalsubspeciessubnormalsubway submarine submerge subzero subspecies subnormal subculture subtropical Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading72Directions: Complete each of the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. 3. Phrase TranslationTo be continued1) As the war ___________ (发展), it became increasingly difficult to buy fresh food.2) We were both _______ (迷惑不解) at the appearance of a horse in the street.3) Scientists have been studying the actual physical _________ (过程) of dreaming.4) The culture of a nation is always _________ (反映) in its language.progressedpuzzledprocessreflectedPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading735) It’s hard to ________ (预测) what he will do next.6) Dr. Martineau had written an article about _________ (进展) in medicine over the last five years.7) In many cultures, the shape of the human skull is a(n) ________ (象征) that represents death.8) The _______ (古代的) people of Europe spoke many different languages.9) Mr. Leigh’s huge phone bill was the result of a computer ______ (错误).predictadvancessymbolancient errorPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading7410) I was _________ (意识到的) of the fact that it was an important meeting and that I had to make a good impression.11) We did a(n) _________ (分析) of the problem and proposed solutions to it.12) The book reveals the author’s ______ (内在的) thought.consciousanalysisinnerPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading75Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in brackets. 1) 你会看到我现在说的会成为现实。
come true) You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2) 这个讲座那么无趣,以致有一半的学生都睡着了fall asleep)The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.To be continued4. Translation 3) 失业问题与新技术的发展密切相关tie up with) (unemployment)The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.Part Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading764) 他的外貌变化那么大,你很可能认不出他了may well) His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him. 5) 这个城堡的历史可追溯到14世纪date back to)The castle dates back to the 14th century. 6) 她从来没有给他们做过任何事,而他们为她做了所有能做的事情。
whereas) She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.EndofIn-ClassReadingGo to After-Class ReadingPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading772) subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亚文化3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇4) subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway (地下通道); (AmE) a railway that runs under the ground 地铁1) submerged: (cause to) go below the surface of the sea, river or lake 使浸没,淹没)NotesPart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-ReadingTo be continued785) subzero: (of temperature) below zero 零度以下的6) subtropical: related to an area near to a tropical area, or typical of that area 副热带的,亚热带的7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species(物种的)亚种8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常的NotesBack to the ExercisePart Two: In-Class Reading >> Post-Reading Further DevelopmentVocabulary ReviewDescribing a DreamMatching Symbols2. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Work in pairs to choose an appropriate word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences. Change the form if necessary.Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review81 A. You shouldn’t wear so much make-up (化妆品化妆品)—it spoils your ________ beauty. naturalneutralPart Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Reviewnatural B. Philip wants to paint the living room walls dark red but I’d prefer a more __________ color like cream.neutral C. It’s _______ that you should feel upset when you first leave home. D. My daughter often tries to get me to take her side in her arguments with her mother, but I always remain ________.naturalneutralTo Be Continued82辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Reviewa.natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的,天然的,自然的自然的b.neutral: (of colors) not very strong or bright 不鲜艳的,暗不鲜艳的,暗淡的淡的c.natural: normal; usual 正常的,惯常的正常的,惯常的d.neutral: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any side in an argument or war 中立的,不偏不倚的中立的,不偏不倚的crash shattercrackPart Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary ReviewA. The glass ___________ into a thousand tiny pieces.B. We watched the waves _______ against the rocks.C. The hunter’s rifle ______ and the deer fell dead.D. Both drivers were injured in the car ______.E. Concrete is liable to _______ in very cold weather.shatteredcrashingcrackedcrashcrackTo Be Continued 辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Reviewa.shattered: (cause to) break suddenly into very small pieces (使)粉碎(使)粉碎b.crashing: hit something or someone extremely hard while moving and brings damage or makes a lot of noise 撞撞击击c.cracked: do something with a sudden sharp noise 噼啪地响噼啪地响 d.crash: a violent accident involving one or more vehicles (汽车的)撞车事故;(飞机的)失事(汽车的)撞车事故;(飞机的)失事e.crack: (cause to) break without dividing into separate parts 使(开裂)使(开裂)85previous ancientearly Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary ReviewTo Be ContinuedA. History, ______ and modern, has taught these people an intense distrust of their neighbors.B. She was a poet living in the _______ fifteenth century.C. Training is provided, so no ________ experiences is required for the job. ancientearlyprevious86a. ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time 远古的,古老的远古的,古老的b. early: near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expected or planned time 早的,早早的,早期的期的c. previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的,早先的先前的,早先的 辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review87symbolsign Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary ReviewTo Be Continuedsignal A. Your blood would have been checked for any ______ of kidney (肝脏肝脏) failure.B. I frequently use sunflowers as _________ of strength.C. When she got up from the table; it was obviously the _______ for us to leave.D. Written music used lots of ______________.signsymbolssignalsigns/symbols88a.sign: something which shows that something exists or is happening 迹象迹象b.symbols: a shape or design that is used to represent something such as an idea 象征象征c.signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to someone or tell them to do something 信号信号d.signs/symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent something 符号,记号符号,记号辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review89 vision view A. She was soon lost from _______ among the crowd.B. The blow on the head damaged his _________.C. It snowed all night and Tim had _______ of being late for school.D. His _______ on life is largely a result of his strict education.E. Do you have a(n) ______ about what we should do now?Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary ReviewTo Be Continuedoutlook viewvisionvisionsoutlookview90a.view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野,视域视野,视域b.vision: power of seeing; sight 视力视力c.visions: a picture in one’s mind of a possible situation or scene((对一可能情况或场景的对一可能情况或场景的))构想,设想,念头构想,设想,念头d.outlook: your general attitude to life and the world ((对生活、世界的对生活、世界的))观点,看法观点,看法e.view: personal opinion or attitude 观点,看法观点,看法辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review91error mistake A. The letter contains a number of typing _______________, which I must correct.B. It’s my ______ for not making your new job clearer.C. He was not forgiven the _______ of his youth.D. It sounds as if there’s a(n) ________ in one of the loudspeakers (括音器括音器).E. I’ve paid this bill twice by _________.Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary ReviewTo Be Continuedfaultmistakes/errorsfaulterrorfaultmistake92a. errors/mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误,过失错误,过失b. fault: if something bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错过错c. error: a moral wrong 道德上的错误道德上的错误d. fault: something that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc., which prevents it from working properly 故故障障e. mistake: (by mistake) if you do something by mistake, you do it without intending to 错误地(并非故意)错误地(并非故意)辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review93confused confusing Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary ReviewTo Be Continued A. All your changes of plan have made me totally ___________. B. The story was so long and ___________ that I stopped reading it. /confusedconfusing94辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Reviewa. confused: unable to think clearly 迷惑的,糊涂的迷惑的,糊涂的b. confusing: difficult to understand, puzzling 令人迷令人迷惑的惑的95consciousnessunconsciousA. He suddenly became __________ that someone was looking at him.B. A stone hit him on the head and knocked him ___________.C. Our ____________ mind registers things which our conscious mind is not aware of.D. I’m waiting until the hospital says she’s recovered _____________ before I visit her again.Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary ReviewTo Be Continuedconscious subconscious consciousunconscioussubconsciousconsciousness96a. conscious: noticing the existence or presence of something particular 意识到的,知道的意识到的,知道的b. unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的失去知觉的c. subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜潜意识的,下意识的意识的,下意识的d. consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you 意识,神志清醒意识,神志清醒辨析辨析Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review97Part Three: Further Development >> 在写下面这篇作文时,你怎样注意连贯与衔接?在写下面这篇作文时,你怎样注意连贯与衔接? Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: College in My Dream vs. College in Reality . You should write at least 120 words according to the requirement. Make comparisons in the following aspects: campus, classroom buildings, dormitories, students’ canteens, library, teachers, etc.98Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review Before entering my present college, I dreamt several times that my future college should have garden campus with green grass everywhere, and on a large sports ground I could always see vigorous students exercise. In classroom buildings, teachers would use modern facilities for multi-media classes. As for my dormitory, though I don’t expect it to be as comfortable as at home, there should be at least a bath room in the dorm. By the way, no more than three people would share one dorm flat. At student canteens College in My Dream vs. College in Reality99Part Three: Further Development >>with spacious dining halls, dishes should be various, tasty and nutritious. In library, students could consult a large collection of books, latest journals and periodicals in spacious and well-lit reading rooms. Teachers in my dream are gray-haired, formally dressed professors with thick glasses, and they are very strict with students. However, the college in reality doesn’t live up to my expectations at all. The campus has a small garden with a little grass. A few classrooms are equipped with modern facilities, while the rest are still old and shabby. To my most disappointment, 100Part Three: Further Development >>the dormitory is crowded with little space for everyone, and there are SEVEN people in ONE room, no toilet, let alone taking a shower. At meal time, hungry students and teacher diners search from window to window for delicious food items. In library, the books are relatively out of date, and students have to get there early in order to hoard seats (占座位占座位). As for the image of college teachers, some are very young, and many do not wear glasses, and some even wear casual clothes in class. All of this makes a sharp contrast with what appears in my dream college.101Part Three: Further Development It is clear that there is a distance between dreams and reality. Maybe years later, the college in my dream will become true. The college students at that time may begin to dream their ideal college again.102I.[ 四四级作文作文题目目—— 1994年年6月月] Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My Ideal Job. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:I.I. 1. 1. 人们的理想职业因人而异;人们的理想职业因人而异; II.II. 2. 2. 我的理想职业;我的理想职业; III.III. 3. 3. 我怎样为我理想的职业做准备。
我怎样为我理想的职业做准备103Part Three: Further Development >> Vocabulary Review II. [ TOEFL作文作文题目目] Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enough space if you write on every line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such as computers or television or of studying at traditional schools. Which would you prefer? Use reasons and specific details to explain your choice. 104105。





