增译和减译 英语长句的译法.ppt

英语长句的译法 在翻译长句时，首先，不要因为句子太长而有畏惧心里，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是有一些基本的成分组成的其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系，再按照汉语的特点和表达方式，正确地译出原文的意思，不必拘泥于原文地形式1 1 I英语长句的分析 一般的说，造成长句的原因有三方面： （1）修饰语过多； （2）并列成分多 （3）语言结构层次多 在分析长句时可以采取下面的方法： （1）找出全句的主语，谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子结构 （2）找出句中所有的简单的，基本的简单句或者基本成分 （3)分析句子中的单词的特殊含义等2 2 (1) 顺序法当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语 Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthatthe child was growing up and developingvaluablepowersofobservationandindependentjudgment,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.3 3 (2)逆序法。

英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文后面开始翻译例如: It therefore becomes more and moreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheir opportunities, there will have to bemuch more detailed information aboutcoursesandmoreadvice.主句+if Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers4 4 (3)分句法有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语例如: 例1.ThenumberoftheyoungpeopleintheUnited States who cant read is incredibleaboutoneinfour. 例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.5 5 (4)综合法。

上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用 例1.People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.6 6 例4.Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities. 到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地7 7第二章增词法、减词法8 8一、为了语法上的需要而增词 时态要求 补充原文因语法省略的词二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词 增加动词 形容词 副词 名词 量词三、为了增加背景文化知识四、名词复数翻译的增词法 语气词 范畴词 概括性的词 承上启下的词9 9一、为了语法上的需要而增词 时态要求汉语表示时态的词：着，了，过等P33TheEnglishlanguageisinverygoodshape.Itis changinginitsownundiscoverableway,butitis not going rottenlikeaplumdroppingoffatree.1010 补充原文因语法省略的词Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好1111二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词增加动词 形容词 副词 名词 量词语气词范畴词概括性的词承上启下的词1212 增加动词 IneveryChinesecity,wegotintothestreets,shops,parks,theatresandrestaurants.在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公园、看演出、吃名菜。

Intheevening,afterthebanquet,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqu.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报汉语动词连用vs只有一个定式动词Iforgotmykey我忘了带钥匙二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词1313 增加形容词 Thewarmadeamanofhim.战争把他锻造成一个堂堂的男子汉Deflationhasnowreachedunprecedentedlevel.通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步1414 增加副词The crowds melted away.The crowds melted away.人群人群渐渐渐渐散开了散开了As he sat down and began talking, words As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.poured out.他一坐下来就讲开了，他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝滔滔不绝地讲的没完。

地讲的没完1515 增加名词 不及物动词不及物动词宾语隐含在动词后面宾语隐含在动词后面 抽象名词后增加名词抽象名词后增加名词 具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词 在在形容词形容词前加名词前加名词1616 不及物动词不及物动词宾语隐含在动词后面宾语隐含在动词后面First you borrow, then you beg.First you borrow, then you beg.头一遭借头一遭借钱钱，下一遭就讨，下一遭就讨饭饭Day after day he came to his workDay after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.他每天来干活他每天来干活扫扫地地，擦，擦地板地板，收拾，收拾房间房间1717 形容词形容词This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打字机真是这部打字机真是物物美美价价廉He is a complicated manmoody, He is a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.mercurial, with a melancholy streak.他是一个他是一个性格性格复杂的人复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。

有些犹豫寡欢1818TopersuadeToprepareBackwardTenseArrogantMadantagonistic说服准备落后紧张自满疯狂敌对PersuasionPreparationBackwardnessTensionArroganceMadnessantagonism说服工作准备工作落后状态紧张局势自满情绪疯狂行为敌对态度 抽象名词后增加名词抽象名词后增加名词1919 具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪2020 增加表示名词复数的词增加重迭词表示复数增加数词或其他词表示复数Flowers bloom all over the yard朵朵鲜花开满了庭院The lion is the king of animals.狮是百兽之王2121The ASIAN countries have designated 1992 as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds pleasure-and-culture-seekers of their attractions. 亚洲几个国家将1992年指定为“亚洲旅游年”，携手合作发起一场宣传攻势，旨在让世界各地的那些猎奇探胜的游客确信，他们这些国家也有许多引人入胜的旅游景观。

2222 增加量词数词与可数名词直接连用有些动词或动作名词2323 数词与可数名词直接连用数词与可数名词直接连用A tractorA bikeA full moonA mouthA bad dreamA red sun rose slowly from the calm sea一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了2424 增加语气词的、呢、吧、啊、呀等Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you.不要认真嘛！我只不过和你开个玩笑罢了As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.我呢，从一开始就不赞成2525 增加概括性的词Sino-Britishlinkshavemultipliedpolitical,commercial,educational,cultural,defense,scienceandtechnology.中英中英两国两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面方面的联系进一步加强了。

的联系进一步加强了The 。