区域节能交易机制研究分析.pdf

区域节能交易机制研区域节能交易机制研究分析 究分析 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Summary Energy conservation and emission reduction is significant to the future of human being and has been a hot topic home and abroad. Countries in the world are focusing on new schemes for energy conservation and emission reduction to satisfy new environment and requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction. Energy savings trading scheme and carbon trading scheme are a very important part of these researches.?There are many experiences that can be taken as references by us to build regional energy savings trading scheme. Study on energy savings trading scheme and carbon trading scheme is mature abroad with many systematic scheme being built such as EU white certificate scheme, energy consumption quota system in US, EU emissions trading scheme based on total amount and Canadian emission trading scheme based on intensity. In China, energy conservation trading schemes have been studied and built in many industries and fields such as environmental exchanges in Beijing and Tianjin. From the year 2010, Shandong Energy Efficiency Association has begun studies on regional energy savings trading scheme under the support of Energy Foundation. During the process, advanced experiences home and abroad have been taken as references; the necessity and feasibility of energy savings trading scheme have been analyzed; six issues related to energy savings trade have been discussed; and pilot for regional energy savings trading scheme has been conducted. Six issues related to this study are as follows. The first is to define methods to decompose energy intensity reduction target, (e.g. to decompose the energy intensity reduction target of Shandong to cities under its governess) including method of the same energy intensity reduction target for all the cities and method considering both energy intensity reduction target and economic growth rate. The second is to determine energy consumption quota for each city which will be calculated by the method of the same energy intensity reduction target for all the cities taking into consideration of each city's total GDP, total energy consumption, economic growth and energy conservation target. The third is to define energy savings for trade. After the energy consumption quota for each city is set, energy savings for trade can be offered by cities with unused energy consumption quota on the basis of adequate and proper economic growth of cities. The fourth is to calculate and determine energy savings. During regional energy savings trade, the amounts of energy savings, over-used energy consumption amount and energy savings for trade shall be assessed and clarified by statistics agencies. The fifth is to set price for energy savings. At the early stage, the same price for all the cities can be set by the provincial government. In the future, cities can define their own energy savings price considering their own fiscal income generated by one energy consumption unit to develop healthy contests among cities in the market. The sixth is to conduct regional energy savings trade based on energy consumption quota. Energy savings trade will be conducted when some cities offer energy savings for trade while other cities needing more quotas buy energy savings in the regional market. Besides, the study analyzes several scenarios of energy savings trade, including the scenario of energy savings offered equalizing energy savings bought, the scenario with sellers but no buyers, the scenario with buyers but no sellers, the scenario of no energy savings for trade, the scenario of seller’s market, and the scenario of buye。