Rules for Significant Figures为有效数字的规则.doc

Glencoe Chemistry Matter and Change2002Rules for Significant FiguresRules for recognizing significant figures1. Non-zero numbers are always significant 2. Zeros between on-zero numbers are always significant 3. All final zeros to the right of the decimal place are significant 4. Zeros that act as placeholders are not significant. Convert quantities to scientific notation to remove the placeholder zeros.Rules for Rounding1. If the digit to the immediate right of the last significant figure is less than five, do not change the last significant figure. 2. If the digit to the immediate right of the last significant figure is greater than five, round up the last significant figure. 3. If the digit to the immediate right of the last significant figure is equal to five and is followed by a nonzero digit, round up the last significant figureAdding and SubtractingWhen you add or subtract measurement, your answer must have the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as the value with the fewest digits to the right of the decimal point. For example, the measurement 1.24 mL has two digits to the right of the decimal point. The measurement 12.4 mL has one digit to the right of the decimal point. The measurement 124 mL has zero digits to the right of the decimal point, whish is understood to be to the right of the 4. The easiest way to solve addition and subtraction problems is to arrange the values so that the decimal points line up. Then do the sum or subtraction. Identify the value with the fewest place after the decimal point. Round the answer to the same number of places.Multiplication and DivisionWhen you multiply or divided numbers, your answer must have the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures. Glencoe Chemistry Matter and Change2002Practice Problems1. Determine the number of significant figures in each measurement. a. 508.0 L ______________________ b. 820400.0 L______________________ c. 1.0200 x 105______________________ d. 807000 kg______________________ e. 0.049450 s______________________ f. 0.000482 mL______________________ g. 3.1587 x 10-8______________________ h. 0.0084 mL______________________2. Round all numbers to four significant figures. Write the answers to e-h in scientific notation. a. 84791 kg ______________________ b. 38.5421 g______________________ c. 256.75 cm______________________ d. 4.9356 m______________________ e. 0.00054818 g______________________ f. 136758 kg______________________ g. 308659000 mm______________________ h. 20.145 mL______________________3. Complete the following addition and subtraction problems. Round off the answers when necessary a. 43.2 + 51.0 + 48.7 = ______________________ b. 258.3 + 257.11 + 253 =______________________ c. 0.0587 + 0.05834 + 0.00483 =______________________ d. 93.26 – 81.14 = ______________________ e. 5.236 - 3.15 = ______________________ f. 4.32 x 103 – 1.6 x 103 = ______________________4. Complete the following calculations. Round off the answers to the correct number of significant figures. a. 24 x 3.25 = ______________________ b. 120 x .010 = ______________________ c. 53.0 x 1.53 = ______________________ d. 4.84 / 2.5 =______________________ e. 60.2 / 20.1 = ______________________ f. 102.4 / 51.2 = ______________________ g. 168 / 58 = ______________________`Glencoe Chemistry Matter and Change2002Answers: 5. Determine the number of significant figures in each measurement. a. 508.0 L _______4____________ b. 820400.0 L________7_____________ c. 1.0200 x 105________5_____________ d. 807000 kg_____3_______________ e. 0.049450 s________5_____________ f. 0.000482 mL___3__________________ g. 3.1587 x 10-8______5_______________ h. 0.0084 mL_____2________________6. Round all numbers to four significant figures. Write the answers to e-h in scientific notation. a. 84791 kg ________84790________ b. 38.5421 g____38.54______________ c. 256.75 cm_______256.7____________ d. 4.9356 m___________4.936_______ e. 0.00054818 g___5.482 x 10^-4_________ f. 136758 kg____1.368 x 10^5______ g. 308659000 mm___3.087 x 10 ^8________ h. 20.145 mL___2.014 x 10^1________7. Complete the following addition and subtraction problems. Round off the answers when necessary a. 43.2 + 51.0 + 48.7 = _____142.9_______ b. 258.3 + 257.11 + 253 =_______768________ c. 0.0587 + 0.05834 + 0.00483 =_______0.1219________ d. 93.26 – 81.14 = ____12.12__________ e. 5.236 - 3.15 = _______2.09_________ f. 4.32 x 103 – 1.6 x 103 = ________2.7 x 10^3________8. Complete the following calculations. Round off the answers to the correct number of significant figures. a. 24 x 3.25 = ______78___________ b. 120 x .010 = ______1.2____________ c. 53.0 x 1.53 = _______81.1___________ d. 4.84 / 2.5 =_____1.9______________ e. 60.2 / 20.1 = ________2.99____________ f. 102.4 / 51.2 = ___2.00_________________ g. 168 / 58 = _____________2.9_______`Glencoe Chemistry Matter and Change2002。