风力发电讲座资料Design_wind_turbine-Jochen_Twele.pdf

1 / 45Constructive Design of Wind TurbinesProf. Dr.-Ing. Twele14.11.20072 / 45Structual Loads, Time Series or Spectra Extreme Values Load CollectiveSpecifically Wind Energy Standards and GuidelinesGeneral Standards and GuidelinesLocationEnvironmental ConditionsLoad CasesOperation ConditionsWEA- TypeWind FieldHydro- dynamicAero- dynamicsStructural DynamicsElectrical Systemcontrol systemDynamic simulation of the system “Wind Turbine”DeformationsNatural Frequencies9;10Part 1Part 3Wind Farm Power Performance Testing6 / 45Overview IEC 61400INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION IEC 61400 (15-23)Part Main Title Sub Part SubtitleFlicker Meter- Functional 17; 18; 19; 20Full-Scale structural Testing of Rotor Blades7 / 45Overview IEC 61400INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION IEC 61400 (24-26)Part Main Title Sub Part SubtitleLightning Protection242625Communications of Monitoring & Control of Wind Power PlantsAvailability for Wind Turbines & Wind Turbine PlantsPart 1Overall Discription of Principles & ModelsInformation ModelsPart 2Part 3Information Exchange ModelsMapping to XML based Communication ProfilePart 4Part 5Conformance TestingLogical Node Classes & Data Classes for Condition MonitoringPart 68 / 45Structual Loads, Time Series or Spectra Extreme Values Load CollectiveSpecifically Wind Energy Standards and GuidelinesGeneral Standards and GuidelinesLocationEnvironmental ConditionsLoad CasesOperation ConditionsWEA- TypeWind FieldHydro- dynamicAero- dynamicsStructural DynamicsElectrical SystemRegulation, ManagementDynamic simulation of the system “Wind Turbine”DeformationsNatural Frequencies & Damping(static) mechanical component model (FEM, analytical or empirical)Proof Usability (Geometry, Resonace Freedom, dynamic Stability)Sustainability Proof Breakthrough, Bumps, Fatiguemeteorological ValidationOverview Design proceedure9 / 45Wind turbine classto be specified by manufacturerassumption for wind conditionSource: GL 2003, certification guidelinesGeneral assumption for environmental conditions Assumption: wind conditionshighlow10 / 45assumption for wind condition012345678910050100150200250300Zeit in sWindgeschwindigkeit v in m/sv = 7,5 m/s IV = 16 %v timewind speed∫=T dttvTv0)(1()∫−=T dtvtvTv022)(1 vv vI2v v==σ11 / 45Example 1 for environmental conditions: wind field Assumption: extreme gust during operationtimeEOG extreme operational gustassumption for wind conditionSource: GL 2003, certification guidelines12 / 45Example 2 for environmental conditions: wind field Assumption: extreme direction changeassumption for wind conditionSource: GL 2003, certification guidelineswind speedEDC extreme direction change13 / 45EDC extreme direction changeExample 3 for environmental conditions: wind field Assumption: extreme direction changetimeassumption for wind conditionSource: GL 2003, certification guidelines14 / 45Structual Loads, Time Series or Spectra Extreme Values Load CollectiveSpecifically Wind Energy Standards and GuidelinesGeneral Standards and GuidelinesLocationEnvironmental ConditionsLoad CasesOperation ConditionsWEA- TypeWind FieldHydro- dynamicAero- dynamicsStructural DynamicsElectrical SystemRegulation, ManagementDynamic simulation of the system “Wind Turbine”DeformationsNatural Frequencies & Damping(static) mechanical component model (FEM, analytical or empirical)Proof Usability (Geometry, Resonace Freedom, dynamic Stability)Sustainability Proof Breakthrough, Bumps, Fatiguemeteorological ValidationOverview Design proceeduresize of the rotorwind conditions (IEC and specific site data)rotor diameterrated power Ω, if λD=(ΩR/vD) is fixed15 / 45Structual Loads, Time Series or Spectra Extreme Values Load CollectiveSpecifically Wind Energy Standards and GuidelinesGeneral Standards and GuidelinesLocationEnvironmental ConditionsLoad CasesOperation ConditionsWEA- TypeWind FieldHydro- dynamicAero- dynamicsStructural DynamicsElectrical SystemRegulation, ManagementDynamic simulation of the system “Wind Turbine”DeformationsNatural Frequencies & Damping(static) mechanical component model (FEM, analytical or empirical)Proof Usability (Geometry, Resonace Freedom, dynamic Stability)Sustainability Proof Breakthrough, Bumps, Fatiguemeteorological ValidationOverview Design proceedure010020030040050060070002468101214161820Windgeschwindigkeit v in m/sLeistung P in kW .stallpitchwind speed v in m/s ΩαAcΩαAΩΩαAcαAccΩαAcΩ ΩαAΩ ΩΩαAcαAccEl. power in kWstall control ?relatively simple ?high loads, especially thrust ?more/stronger material weight, costs increase ?power output may exceed rated power ?smaller control unit necessarypitch control?allows designing blades with less material (weight , costs decrease)?costs increase as:-supervisory control needed-pitch drive needed (hydraulic or electric)-hollow shaft needed16 / 45Structual Loads, Time Series or Spectra Extreme Values Load CollectiveSpecifically Wind Energy Standards and GuidelinesGeneral Standards and Gui。