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Literature Review on Ernest Hemingway Hero Code and Iceberg Theory1. General IntroduceErnest Hemingway is the well-known American writer, whose works had profound influence on the 20th century literature. There have been many articles and researches on Hemingway as well as his works at home and broad. Besides that there is also another very important principle put forward by Hemingway. That is iceberg theory. "If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water." This writing style was used well in his works and was most perfectly embodied in the Old Man and the Sea in which a Code Hero was portrayed with laconic words, vivid figure, an exuberant feeling, and profound thought. Known to be one of the most prestigious writers in the 20th American literature, Earnest Hemingway was awarded 1954 Nobel Prize for his “Mastery of the art of modern narration".2. Literatures2.1 Some study focuses on writing styleHemingways writing style is very concise and leaves the reader big imagining room. "No two individualist authors will perfectly agree in generals or in particulars. In every author, esthetically and culturally speaking, one finds a muted echo of Blakes "I must create my own system or be enslaved by another mans. Hemingway would never write the matter of Conrads preface in the manner of Conrad. Yet he would wholly agree with Conrad in saying to all who demand other things of the artist: my task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of written word to make you see. That—and no more, and it is everything/ " (Baker, 1972)The Study of Hemingways Work: Elegance of the Iceberg by Yang Daliang, published by National Defense Industry Press in 2007 main researches Hemingways magnum opus and his iceberg theory. He discourses the relation between Hemingway hero and the protagonist and how the “Code Hero style” is unified to Santiago. He tries to probe the universal meaning this subject image brings to modern human. On the other hand he studies the principle of esthetics of literature on Hemingways iceberg theory.The Writing Style and the Theoretical Principle of Hemingways Works by Yao Fengmei in 2010 analyses protagonists in Hemingways magnum opus to study his writing style and theory.2.2 Some study is based on philosophy such as on nihilism, existentialismStudy on Nihilism in the Old and the Sea by Kang Xiaoyun was published in 2008. This article different from the first one does not simply negative tradition gnosia to Santiagos code hero spirit, instead, indicates dauntless spirit and the nihilism are opposite and yet are complementary. The author through death theme, misery consciousness and fantastic consciousness composes nihilistic internal meaning.The Existentialist Interactions in the Old Man and the Sea was witted by Li Lijuan in 2009. She analyses the relations between characters with themselves, others and the circumstances of the Old Man and the Sea to uncover the meaning under the “iceberg" guided by the theory of being -in-itself and self-conscious existence. She concludes that human being find, know, and realize themselves in all kinds of relations and find that the true meaning of life: life is the process of endlessly pursuing, weather succeed or fail.2.3 Some study the Aesthetics ImplicationsOn the Tragic Aesthetics Implications in Ernest Hemingways Works by Zhang Yanping, published on- line in 2008 bases on the theory of tragedy aesthetics to talk over Hemingways creative aesthetic style and meaning through three sides including human beings competing with the society, human withstanding his inner world, and human beings making against nature. Hemingways early works a series of Martial Novel such as The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Anns and so on reveals people are in miserable plight and come to a tragic ending in the tremendous social disaster "barbarous and cruel war expropriates peoples right to subsistence violates personal dignity, further to corroborate that human being show the hopeless and gracious spirit during the resisting spiteful war world, thus pour out the desolately tragically beauty.” (Zhang, 2007)2.4 Some study on the Hemingways emblematical "code hero”When it comes to Hemingway, people always put him and a series of “code hero” images together. Tn his works there are many tough guys. Critics at home and abroad in different eras reach and reveal the connotative and practical meaning of “code hero". “A full generation after his death Ernest Hemingway remains one of the most famous American writers. Even those who have never read a word he has written, in school or college or on their own, are aware of his presence in the world of celebrity一 a rugged macho fig。