2022年12月英语六级阅读练习认知与学习.docx

2022年12月英语六级阅读练习：认知与学习o say that the child learns by imitation and thatthe way to teach is to set a good exampleoversimplifies.No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him tofollow is ignored while he takes over contrarypatterns from some other example. Therefore wemust tum to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see. monkey do“.　　Look at it from the child”s point of view.Here he is in a new situation,lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends.If he lacks a ready response for thesituation, and cannot reason out what to do.he observes a model who seems able to get theright result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.　　There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain hisimmediate goal only io find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message. be istold emphatically that such a racket (叫嚷) is unpleasant, that he should walk into the nextroom and say his say quietly. Thus. the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid withthe desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child leamsis that he gets moreaffection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award someactions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.　　In finding trial responses. the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates theperson who seemsa good person to be like. rather than a person whose social status hewished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy thetechniques of capable players;while some other person may most influence his approach tobooks.　　Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole. and he becomes anidentifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations. imitatingmuch that they do. We leam that they are dependable and rewarding models becauseimitating them leads to success.　　1. By the last sentence of the first paragraph, the author_______________.　　A) compares children’s behaviors to monkeys”　　B) tells us that children do not learn by imitation　　C) thinks it is partial co regard imitation as“Monkey see, monkey do“　　D) means that children should not learn by imitating their parents　　2. The first element at work when a child learns by imitation is__________________.　　A) the need to find a way to attain the desired goal　　B) the desire to be acknowledged by his social group　　C) the desire to find an expert and authority　　D) the need to find a way to avoid criticism　　3. According to the third paragraph, besides achieving his goals. a child should alsoleam to_____.　　A) attain his desired results as soon as possible　　B) show his love for his parents and friends　　C) talk in a low voice　　D) behave properly　　4. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people______________.　　A) who do not scold them　　B) who they want to be like　　C) who have a high social status　　D) who give them many rewards　　5. The last two paragraphs are mainly about_________________.　　A) how children leam by imitation　　B) the motive of children’s imitation　　C) how children choose models　　D) how imitation influence children’s growth　　1.第一段的最终一句话______________。

　　A)将儿童的行为与猴子的行为作了比拟　　B)告知我们儿童不是靠仿照来学习的　　C)告知我们，认为把仿照看做“有样学样”是不全面的　　D)意思是孩子不应当通过仿照父母来学习　　[C]首段末句提到，我们应当放弃“小猴看样学样”的观点，转而探究型浅显的理论而文章首句中也说断言孩子们通过仿照来学习是把问题过于简洁化了结合这两句可知，认为仿照就是“小猴看样学样”有失偏颇，因此选项C为正确答案　　2.孩子通过仿照来学习时，第一个起作用的因素是_________________　　A)需要找到一个方法来获得想要的目标　　B)想要获得他的社会群体的认可　　C)想要找到一个专家和权威　　D)需要找到一个方法来避开受批判　　[A]第2段第2、3句提到，孩子处在新状况下，没有形成现成的反响他查找一个能够实现肯定目的的反响假如他对这个新状况既没有现成反响，又不能想出该怎么去做，就会想通过仿照来学习所以在这个过程中起作用的第一个因素是查找一个能够实现肯定目的的反响，因此选项A为正确答案　　3.依据第三段讲到的内容，除了获得目标，儿童也应当学会____________　　A)尽快获得他想要的结果　　B)显示出他爱父母和朋友　　C)低声说话　　D)做出恰当的行为　　[D]第3段第2句提到，孩子们或许能够立即实现他们的直接目标，却发觉他的这种做法遭到其监护人的批判。

接着通过举例说明孩子还得学会举止得当因此选项D为正确答案　　4.可以推论出，儿童通常会仿照________________　　A)很少责骂自己的人　　B)他们想要成为的人　　C)有较高社会地位的人　　D)给他们许多嘉奖的人　　[B]第4段第2句提到，孩子会仿照那些看上去值得效仿的人，第3句举例假如这个学生想成为一个卓越的小提琴手，他就会观看并仿照一个精彩琴手的技巧，也就是说他们会仿照那些他们想成为的人，因此选项B为正确答案　　5.最终两段主要是讲___________________　　A)儿童如何靠仿照来学习　　B)儿童仿照的动机　　C)儿童最可能选择什么样的人来仿照　　D)仿照是怎样影响儿童的成长的　　[C]文章倒数第2、3段提到，“学习者不会任凭选择仿照对象”，“他仿照那些看上去值得效仿的人”，“我们知道他们是牢靠、值得仿照的对象，由于仿照他们可以走向胜利”，可见最终两段都是关于如何选择典范的，所以选项C为正确答案。