{营销策略培训}国际市场营销讲义课后名词解释.docx

International Marketing Terms DefinationEdited by PengkaiDefination1. Define the following terms: international marketing P9 International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a companys goods and service to Consumer or users in more than one nation for a profit. controllable/uncontrollable elements P10 The elements of business environment which under/beyond the the control of companies. domestic/foreign uncontrollables P11 Aspects of the domestic/foreign environment that are beyond the control of companies SRC Self-Reference Criterion P14 An unconscious reference to ones own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decision.Ethnocentrism P14The notion that people in one’s own company, culture, or country knows best how to do things. Global Awareness P16 Tolerance of cultural difference and knowledge of cultures, history, world market potential, and global economic, social, and political trends. 2. Define GATT P27 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: (1) trade shall be conducted on a non-discriminatory Basis; (2) protection shall be afforded domestic industries through customs tariffs, not through such commercial measures as import quotas; (3) consultation shall be the primary method used to solve global trade problems. WTO P28 World Trade Organization IMF P30 International Monetary Fund: Stabilize foreign exchange rates, facilitate the expansion and balance growth of international trade. EMU P36Economic and Monetary Union: A provision of the Maastricht Treaty, established the parameters of the creation of a common currency for the EU, the euro,andestablished a timetable for its implemention. NAFTA P39 North American Free Trade Agreement: Market access, Nontariff barriers, Rules of origin,Customs administration, Investment, Service, Intellectual property,Government property, Government procurement, Standards. ASEAN + 3 P42 Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus China, Japan, and South Korea: To deal with trade and monetary issues facing Asia. APEC P42 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: is a forum, far from being a free trade area.Common goals as to open trade, to increase economic collaboration, to sustain regional growth and development,to strengthen the multilateral trading system and to reduce barriers to investment and trade without detriment to other economics. BEMs P49 big emerging markets: A small core of countries that account for more than half of the world trade growth over the next two decades, these country are identified as BEMs. See their important traits at Page 49, 50. BOPMs P48 Bottom-of-the-pyramid market: A new concept introduced into the discussion of developing countries and markets. They are not defined by national borders but rather by the pockets of poverty across countries.3. Define the following terms: Manifest Destiny P62 Basis of U.S. Foreign policy: Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society. More superficially, it referred to the territorial expansion of the U.S. from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Monroe Doctrine P62 A cornerstone of early U.S. Foreign policy, proclaiming three basic dicta: no further European colonization in the New world, abstention of the Unite States from European political affairs, and nonintervention of European governments in the governments of the Western Hemisphere. Roosevelt Corollary P62 Monroe Doctrine with an extension applied by Roosevelt: Not only would the U.S. Prohibit non-American intervention in Latin American affairs, but it would also police the area and guarantee that Latin American nations met their international obligations. Sustainable development P68 A joined approach among those (governments),businesses, environmentalists, and the others) who seek economic growth with "wise resource management, equitable distribution of benefits and reduction of negative efforts on people and the environments from the process of economic grows"4. Define the following terms culture P82 Culture is the human-made part of human environment----the sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. or P85 is the sum of the values, rituals,symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation. culture value P92 A cultures values are its ideas about what is good, right, fair, and just. See P91—P92 how culture values influnence various types of business and market behavior comes from seminal work by 。