详解定语从句.docx

考点一 定语从句定语从句，也称为关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制、描 绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分），即 ：句子作定语定语从句所修饰的对象被称为先行词定语从句按其作用可分为限制性定语 从句和非限制性定语从句一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（一） 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用非 限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、 状语从句等如：He has two sons, who work in the same company. （He has only two sons.） 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班He has two sons who work in the same company.（Perhaps he has more than two sons.） 他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子二） 非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法区别1、 关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略；2、 who（主语），whom（宾语），which（主语，宾语）不能用that代替，也不能互相替换；3、 在“介词+which/ whom从句”结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面；4、 When， where， whose 可用于非限制性定语从句中。

▲题组训练 句型转换：① That is his father, and he works in Shanghai.= That is his father, works in Shanghai.② I like the boy, because he is not only clever but also hardworking.= I like the boy, is not only clever but also hardworking.③ He told me a story yesterday, and I think it is very interesting.= He told me a story yesterday, I think is very interesting.二、关系代词的用法（一）关系代词的作用和分类1、 关系代词的作用有三个：（1） 连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来；（2） 替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；（3） 成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分2、 关系代词的用法分类：X用于限制性和非 限制性定语从句用于限制性定语从句主格词指人指物既指人又指物宾格词whowhichWho(m)that属格词Whose/ofwhomWhose/ofwhichwhose关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据：(1) 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；(2) 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；(3) 根据它在从句中所充当的成分—主语、宾语、表语或定语。

二)关系代词 that 和 which 的用法区别1、限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词 that 的情况：(1)当先行词是不定代词 all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none 等时如：Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要说的吗？You should hand in all that you have. 你应该把你有的都上交2) 当先行词前面有 the only, the very,(恰恰，正好)，any, few, little, no, all 等词修 饰时如：This isthe very bus that I'm waiting for.这就是我在等的公交车The only thing that we can do is (to) give you some money. 我们能做的唯一的事情就是给你一些钱3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰是如：This isthe best that has been used against pollution. 这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染办法。

This isthe most interesting filmthat I've ever seen. 这是我曾看过的最有趣的电影4) 当先行词是序数词或先行词前面有序数词修饰时如：This train isthe last that will go to Suzhou. 这是去苏州的最后一趟火车What is the first American filmthat you have seen? 你看过的第一步美国电影是什么？(5) 当先行词既有人又有物时如：Do you knowthe things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们谈论的人和事吗？( 6)当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时如： Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the boythatwon the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？(7) 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that如： They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution. 他们偷偷建立了一家小工厂,这座工厂生产可能造成污染的东西。

8) 当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时如：Shanghai is on longerthe city that it used to be . 上海不再是过去的那座城市了2、当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that如：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这一点当然让他们很嫉妒2）当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that如：This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅先生曾住过的房子注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系 代词之前如：This is the pen （which/that） I'm looking for. 这是我正在寻找的那支钢笔不可以说： This is the pen for which I'm looking.▲题组训练 用关系代词that或which填空：④ Is there anything you don't understand about the problem?⑤ The worst matter I'm afraid of happened in the end.⑥ All the parents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.⑦ This is the very book I have been looking for.⑧ H was late for the opening ceremony, was very surprising to me .（三） 关系代词 who， whom， that 和 whose 的用法当先行词指人：①在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，不可省略；②在定语从句中 作宾语时，用whom/who/that，可以省略；③在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，不可省略。

如：She is the girl who/that lives next door. （先行词在定语从句中作主语） 她就是住在隔壁 的女孩That' s the girl （whom/who/that） I teach..（先行词在定语从句中作宾语）那个就是我教 的女孩This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. （现行词在定语从句中作定语） 这就是那位成就卓著的科学家This is the housewhose window broke last night.=This is the house,the window of whichbroke last night.=This is the house,of which the window broke last night. （注意粗体部分的形式和顺序）这就是昨晚窗户被打坏的那所房子▲题组训练 用关系代词who， whom， that或whose填空：QDo you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?QThe man you met just now is my old friends.QThe man is walking on the playground is my old friends.12 This is Tim, class you will take.（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1、 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用which或whom,并且不能省略。

如：This is the questionabout which we've had so much discussion. 这是我们已经讨论了很多的 问题In the dark street, there wasn't a single personto whomshe could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个可以求助的人2、 在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用 that/which （指物） ， that/whom/who （指人）作介词的宾语，而且做介词宾语的关系代词可以省略如：thatThis is the hero who we are proud of.Whom这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄{thatWhich（可省略）这是我写信时用的那支钢笔3、“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分 开，定语从句常用倒装语序如：He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树4、介词+which/whom +不定式结构The poor man has no housein which to live.= The poor man has no house（that/which） t。