最新小学五级下英语语法总结资料.pdf

学习资料 精品文档 英语时态语法 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时 一般将来时 一 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作 构成 主语 be 动词 动词的现在分词 其他成分 We are having lunch He is reading a book The dog is running after a cat The boys are swimming across the river 变疑问句将be 动词移动到句首 Are we having lunch Is he reading a book Is the dog running after a cat Are the boys swimming across the river 变否定句在be 动词后面加not We are not having lunch He is not reading a book The dog is not running after a cat The boys are swimming across the river 特殊疑问句 what which how where who etc 疑问词 动词 主语 现在分词 What are you doing What is she doing What is the dog doing 没有进行时的动词 必背 表示状态 思想 感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 1 表示感觉 感官的词 see hear like love want 2 have has 当 拥有 讲时没有进行时 二 一般过去式 表示过去发生的动作或事件 常和表示过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday last night the day before yesterday 3 days ago 构成 含有be 动词的句子 将动词变为过去式 am is 的过去式为was are 的过去式为 were I was at the butcher s You were a student a year ago The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago 变疑问句将be 动词移动到句首 Were you at the butcher s Were you a student a year ago Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago 变否定句在be 动词后面加not I was not at the butcher s You were not a student a year ago The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago 肯定回答 否定回答 学习资料 精品文档 Yes I was No I was not Yes you were No you were not Yes he she was No he she was not 特殊疑问句 What did you do 必背 不含有 be 动词的句子 将动词变为过去式 I finished my homework yesterday The boy went to a restaurant The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago 变疑问句在句首加did 动词变为原型 Did you finish your homework yesterday Did the boy go to a restaurant Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago 变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not I did not finish my homework yesterday The boy did not go to a restaurant The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes I did No I didn t Yes he did No he didn t Yes they did No they did not 三 过去完成时 用法 在过去的时间里 两个动作中 发生在前的那个动作要用过去完成时 结构 had 过去分词 After she had finished her homework she went shopping They had sold the car before I asked the price The train had left before I arrived at the station After before 引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号 如果放在主句后则不用加 1 变疑问句 将助动词移到句首 Had she finished her homework 2 变否定句 在助动词后面加not She hadn t finished her homework 3 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes she had No she hadn t 4 特殊疑问句 What had she done 学习资料 精品文档 四 现在完成时 构成 主语 助动词 have has 过去分词 用法 1 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作 常和 just usually already since 等时间副词连 用 I have just had lunch 饱了 不用再吃了 He has had a cup of tea 不渴了 不用再喝 They have already had their holiday 不能再度假了 The boy has already read the book 已经知道书的内容了 不用再看了 2 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时 Have you finished your homework Have you been to Beijing Have he seen the film 3 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years I have worked for this school for 1 year 4 表示一种经历 经验 去过 地方 做过 事情 经历过 事情 I have never seen a film I have never been to cinema I have ever been to Paris Have been to 表示去过 have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London 人已经回来 He has gone to London 人还在那里 5 表示一种结果 一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen I have hurt myself He has become a teacher She has broken my heart 句型变化 变疑问句将助动词移到句首 变否定句在助动词后面加not Have you lost your pen I have not lost my pen 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes I have No I have not 特殊疑问句 What have you done What has he done 一般过去式与现在完成时的区别 凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意 有些动词表示的动作有一个终点 不能再延续 因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错 I ve left Beijing for 3 days 对 I left Beijing 3 days ago I have been away from Beijing for 3 days 学习资料 精品文档 五 一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作 经常和 tomorrow next year the day after tomorrow the year after the next in five hours time etc 表示将来的词联用 结构 主语 助动词 will 动词原形 I will go to America tomorrow The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning 变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Will you go to America tomorrow Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning 变否定句在助动词后面加not I will not go to America tomorrow The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes I will No I will not Yes he she will No he she will not Yes he will No he will not 特殊疑问句 What will you do Be动词用法 be 动词 am is are not 情态动词can not 助动词 do does not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句 1 看句中有无be 动词 如有 直接在be 动词后 not 2 看句中有无情态动词 如有 直接在情态动词后 not 3 如上述二者都没有 就应用助动词 not 分四个步骤 1 肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的 要加上去 位置在主语 某人或某物 后 动词前 2 确定助动词用do does 根据句中动词 动词是原形的助动词就用do 动词是第三人称 单数的助动词就用does 3 在助动词后加not 4 原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形 强调一点 有some 的要考虑是否要用any 学习资料 精品文档 一般疑问句 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句 1 看句中有无be 动词 如有 把be 动词提到句首即可 2 看句中有无情态动词 如有 把情态动词提到句首即可 3 如上述二者都没有 就应把助动提到句首 分四个步骤 1 肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的 要加上去 位置在主语 某人或某物 后 动词前 2 确定助动词用do 还是 does 根据句中动词 动词是原形的助动词就用do 动词是第三 人称单数的助动词就用does 3 把助动词后提到句首 4 原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形 强调一点 有some 的要考虑是否要用any 特殊疑问句 疑问词意思用法 What time 什么时间问具体 时间 如几点钟 when 问时间表示大概时间 What day 问星期问星期几 What date 问日期问几月几号 Who 谁问人 Whose 谁的问主人 Where 在哪里问地点 What 什么问东西 事物 What colour 什么颜色问颜色 How old 多大年纪问年纪 How many 多少数量 可数名词 问数量 How much 多少钱 多少数量 不可数名 词 问多少钱或数量 不可数名 词 。