被动语态常见错误研究及对策.doc

被动语态常见错误研究及对策英语的谓语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态被 动语态是高中英语学习的重点，也是出错率比较高、令学生 头痛的难点一、被动语态出错的原因分析和对策被动语态出错主要有两大原因，一是中文影响根深蒂 固，不明确中、英文的差异；二是学生缺乏被动语态的判断 技巧，练习得不够，没有形成自觉的语法意识针对上述成因，笔者给同学们提供三种被动语态的判断 方法：1. 在汉语中，并非所有的汉语被动句都出现“被”字 如“作业做好了”、“黑板已经擦过了”另外，汉语的“受”、“遭到”、“让”、“叫"等都有"被”的含义 在英语中，被动语态的典型的标志就是句中出现by sb.或 with sth.短语如：The door was locked by me. 门是我锁上的The road was covered with snow. 马路上覆盖着雪2. 及物动词之后没有宾语常需用被动语态如：I (ask) to answer the question.解析：ask是及物动词，其后必须接宾语但在此题中, ask之后没有宾语这当然不是题目出错了，而是ask的宾 语“我”已经到句首当主语了，即动作的承受者做主语。

故 填 was askedo3. 谓语动词和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系时，应使用被 动语态如：The blackboard （clean）.解析：“擦”与“黑板”在逻辑是动宾关系，故用被动 语态，即"黑板"被"擦"故填has been cleaned二、用错位相加法掌握被动语态的基本结构高考中要求掌握八种时态和情态动词的用法，这样就有 九种被动结构如下表：由于结构比较多，考生虽然能明白被动语态的基本结 构：“be+及物动词的过去分词”（以下简写成“be+过去分 词”），可在实际应用中不能很好地写出各种时态的结构 为了帮助同学们解决这个问题，笔者结合自己的教学实际， 谈谈如何用“错位相加法”提高被动语态的正确率1. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态只需要把be动 词改成相应的am /is /are或was /were如：Linda, make sure the tables are set before the guests arrive.（一般现在时的被动语态）2. 一般将来时的被动语态就是“一般将来时+被 动”，即：一般将来时：will +动词原型w订1 + be +过去分词类推：过去将来时的被动语态：would be +过去分词。

如：No decision will be made about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.（一般将来时的被动语态）3. 现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时：am\ is\ are +动词的现在分词+）被动语态：being +过去分词am\is\are + bei + 过去分词类推：过去进行时的被动语态：was\ were+ being+过 去分词如：The church tower which is being restored will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.（现在进行时的被动语态）4. 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时：have\ has +过去分词+ ）被动语态：be +过去分词have\has + been + 过去分词类推：过去完成时的被动语态：had + been+过去分词如:The children have been told many times not to playwith fire.(现在完成时的被动语态)5. 情态动词的被动语态。

情态动词+动词原型+ )被动语态：be +过去分词情态动词+ be +过去分词如H Bad things sometimes can be turned into good ones.坏事有时可以变成好事总之，我们要在了解结构掌握方法的前提下，进行适当 的训练，在实际语言运用中感知被动语态，发展语言运用能 力巩固练习：用所给词的适当形式填空1. You，ve failed to do what you (expect) to and I’ m afraid the teacher will blame you.2. People say that a smile can (pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.3. When research (assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance・4. The policeman" s attention was suddenly caughtby a small box which (place) under theMinister， s car・5. —What， s that noise?—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The newmachine (test).6. I like these English songs and they (teach)many times on the radio.7. In Indonesia, where Obama lived as child, hundreds of students at his former elementary school erupted in cheers when he (declare) winner,pouring into the courtyard where they hugged, danced in the rain and chanted “Obama! Obama!”8. Progress (be) so far very good andwe are sure that the work will be finished on time・参考答案： 1. were expected 2. be passed 3. is assigned 4. had been placed 5. is being tested 6. have been taught 7. was declared 8. has been(作者单位：韶关市曲江区曲江中学)责任编校蒋小青。