高考重点派生词.doc

高考重点派生词高考重点派生词形容词加 ness 变名词 dark--darkness,happy--happiness,sad-sadness,ill-illne ss, good--goodness,careful--carefulness,careless--carelessness,tired-tir edness, lonely--loneliness, great-greatness,kind-kindness,ease--easin ess busy--business,fit--fitness,friendly--friendliness动词加 ment 变名词 develop--development, move--movement, improve--improvement, achieve--achieve ment, arrange--arrangement, manage--management, assign--assignment, agree--agreement, enjoy--enjoyment, g overn--government, judge--judgement/judgment, pay--payment, appoint--appointment, establish--establi shment, equip--equipment名词变成形容词: 1.名词后加-y, 如: luck→lucky;cloud→cloudy; wind→windy; rain→rainy; sun→sunny;snow→snowy; noise-noisy; health→healthy 2.在名词后加-ly, 如: friend→friendly; love→lovely; day→daily; brother→brotherly; mother→motherly 3.方位名词加-ern，如: east→eastern; west→western; south→southern; north→northern 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al: natural, additional, educational 3)-an: urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent 5)-ar: similar, popular, regular 6)-ary: military, voluntary 7)-ic, ical: politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ing: moving, touching, daring 9)-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish 10)-ive: active, impressive, decisive 11)-ory: satisfactory, compulsory (2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义 1)-ish: boyish, childish 2)-like: manlike, childlike 3)-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 4)-some: troublesome, handsome 5)-y: milky, pasty (3) 表示“充分的”含义 1)-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent: violent, (4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义 1)-en: wooden, golden, woolen 2)-fic: scientific (5) 表示方向的含义 1)-ern: eastern, western 2)-ward: downward, forward (6) 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen: thirteen, fourteen 2)-ty: fifty, forty 3)-th: fourth, fifth, ninth, fiftieth (7) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义 1)-an: Roman, European 2)-ese: Chinese, 3)-ish: English, Spanish (8) 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er: greater 2)-ish: reddish, yellowish 3)-est: highest 4)-most: foremost, topmost (9)其他的含义 -less 表示否定: careless, countless, stainless, wireless形容词变副词的一般规则形容词变副词通常是加 ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加， “元 e”去 e 加， “辅 y”改 i 加， “le”结尾 e 改 y。

分别举例如下：quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly具体规则如下：1. 一般情况下直接加“ly”如：quick—quickly; polite—politely; sad—sadly; immediate—immediately; recent-recently; nice—nicely; complete—completely; polite —politely; wide —widely; active —actively; rude — rudely2. 辅音字母加 e 结尾的形容词一般直接加-ly如：polite—politely; wide—widely; wise—wisely; nice—nicely以元音字母加 e 结尾的形容词，要去掉 e 再加-ly如：true—truly; due—duly3. 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy—happily; heavy—heavily; angry—angrily; busy—busily但是如果读音为 / ai /，直接加 ly，如：dry--dryly; sly--slyly(会意地;会心地); shy---shyly4. 以 ic 结尾的词，加 ally，如: economic—economically; basic—basically;scientific—scientifically; automatic—automatically; energetic—energetically; 但是 public--publicly 例外。

5. 以辅音字母加 le 结尾时,去 e 加 y，如：simple—simply;considerable—considerably;terrible—terribly; gentle—gently;possible—possibly; probable—probably;incredible—incredibly; gentle—gently;comfortable—comfortably; sensible—sensibly (明智地; 理智地)元音字母加 le 时加 ly，如：sole—solely(仅仅)但是 whole—wholly 例外6. 以-ll 结尾时，只须加 –y，如：dull—dully; shrill—shrilly(尖锐地)需注意: 有些以 ly 结尾的词是形容词而非副词如：friendly people; motherly care; a lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace; a manly sport; a lively class语法填空 11. All the students arrived __________(due) except Tom.2. The government is not __________(whole) to blame for the current crisis.(当前的危机不能完全归罪于政府.)3. It is ____________(incredible) difficult to fit everyone in.(为每一个人都找到合适的位置是极其困难的.)4. Jim and Mary smiled ________(shy) at each other.5. “I suppose so,”he said _________(dull). “我想是吧,”他木然地说道.6. The book is ____________(basic) a love story.7. I hate it when he talks like that ____________(public).(我讨厌他在公开场合那样说话.)8. He looks so _________(man) in his uniform.(他穿着制服真显得英姿焕发.)答案: 1.duly 2.wholly 3.incredibly 4.shyly5.dully 6.basically 7.publicly 8.manly语法填空 2:Li Ming had dipped into many jobs. At first, he was hired as a _______(decorate). But soon he disliked the job because it was tiring. He resigned and went to a telephone office to be an ________ (operate). However, he quit after only six months in the job, for it was too boring. For one reason or another, he got crazy about the oceangoing voyage, so he become a _______(sail). But soon he felt too lonely on the sea and gave it up. He worked respectively as _________(conduct) in a bus, ________(edit) in a newspaper and __________(translate) in a magazine, but he did not stay there more than one year. Later he went to a ________(council) of life, who had received thousands of _________(visit). She told him that he first should do what he really liked and that he must have great patience and perseverance. Soon after, seeing a film direc。