系表结构精讲.doc

系表结构精讲系表结构有两部分构成：连系动词和表语连系动词也称系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语共同构成复合谓语连系动词与其后的表语合起来叫作系表结构系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况下面分别解释一下： 　 一 表语　　下列成分都可以做表语：名词， 形容词，副词， 动词不定式，动名词，过去分词，现在分词，表语从句． 　　使用举例(注意：连系动词不能够单独作谓语，他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语): 　　1) 名词: 　　False： I am. 　　Right： I am a student. 　　2) 形容词： 　　False： He became. 　　Right： He became strong. 　　3) 副词： 　　False： She remained. 　　Right： She remained there. 　　4) 现在分词： 　　False： The story seemed. 　　Right： The story seemed interesting. 　　5) 过去分词： 　　False： The window seemed. 　　Right： The window seemed broken. 　　6) 动名词： 　　False： His job is teach English. 　　Right： His job is teaching English. 　　7) 动词不定式： 　　False： Her plan is become the winner in the game. 　　Right： Her plan is to become the winner in the game. 　　6）和7）的区别： 　　6）中动名词表示某人经常干某事：她从星期一到星期五天天教英语； 　　7）中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事：她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。

　　8) 表语从句： 　　False：The question is. 　　Right:：The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow. 　　Right:：The question is what he is going to do next. 　　Right:：The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself.二　连系动词 　　一种分类方法是：连系动词常分为三类：be 动词，感观动词，趋势动词 　　1) Be 动词：am, is, are, was, were 　　2) 感观动词：sound, look, keep,taste, feel, smell 　　3) 趋势动词：appear, become, grow, get, turn, seem, remain,go 　　注意： 　　有一些动词既可以做连系动词又可以作及物动词和不及物动词 　　He is growing very fast. ---不及物动词 　　I am growing apples in my backyard.---及物动词 　　The sea is growing rough.---连系动词 　　He is tasting the food.--- 及物动词 The food tastes good.--- 连系动词另一种分类方法是：连系动词分为六类一、状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。

例如：He is a teacher.　他是一名教师is与表语一起说明主语的身份二、持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，remain，stay，lie，stand例如：He always kept silent at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默This matter remains a mystery.　此事仍是一个谜三、表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem，appear，look例如：He looks tired.　他看起来很累He seems (to be) very sad.　他看起来很伤心四、感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel，smell，sound，taste例如：This kind of cloth feels soft.　这种布手感很软This flower smells very sweet.　这朵花闻起来很香五、变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run例如：He became mad after that.自那之后他疯了She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。

六、终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove，turn out，表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难His plan turned out a success.　他的计划终于成功了turn out表终止性结果）常见系动词及其用法Ⅰ．记忆口诀： 看似落下来去跑， 1停留站息成卧倒 2续保生长现转变， 3闻声感觉尝得到 4Ⅱ．举例说明每个注解：1．look看,seem似乎,fall落下, come来, go去, run跑例句： look 看（作“半系动词”用时意为：看起来） She looked very tired but she was still cheerful. 她看起来很累，但她仍然很乐观seem 似乎（是），看来He seemed to me quite normal. 在我看来，他似乎很平常 They seemed happytogether. 他们在一起时似乎很快乐 fall 落下（作“半系动词”用时意为：变成，进入某种状态） He asked for leave because his mother fell ill. 他因母亲生病而请假。

come 来（作“半系动词”用时意为：变成，成为是） Wrong never comes right. 错误的永远不会变成正确的 go 去（作“半系动词”用时意为：变为，成为）His black hair has gone grey. 他的黑头发变白了The milk easily goes sour in hot weather. 在炎热的天气里，牛奶很容易变酸 run 跑（作“半系动词”用时意为：变为，变得）These shirts run small. 这几件衬衫（变）小了The stream run dry because it hadn’t rained for months. 因为几个月没下雨，那条小溪干枯了2．stay停留,remain留下, stand站，立, rest休息, become变成,lie卧倒例句： stay 停留（作“半系动词”用时意为：保持某种状态） The man still stays single. 那个男子还是单身 remain 留下（作“半系动词”用时意为：仍然处于某种状态） His fine personal qualities remain unchanged. 他的优秀品质保持不变。

Her uncle remained poor all his life. 他叔父一生贫穷 stand 站，立（作“半系动词”用时意为：保持某种状态）He said he stand corrected. 他说他接受指正The contract stands good for another year. 该合同继续有效一年 rest 休息（作“半系动词”用时意为：保持某种状态） She told me that she rested satisfied. 她告诉我她心满意足了 become 变成，成为 His son used to work very hard, but he has become very lazy. 他儿子过去很努力，但现在却变得非常懒惰 She has become rich by diligence. 她靠勤奋而发了财 lie 卧，躺（作“半系动词”用时意为：处于某种状态） The book lay open on the desk.. 桌子上的书打开着 Not an inch of land is allowed to lie wasted. 一寸土地也不能让它荒废。

3．continue继续, keep保持, grow生长, appear出现, turn转变例句： continue 继续（处于某种状态） The weather continued fine. 天气仍然很好 Her mother’s illness continued long. 她母亲的病拖了很久 keep 保持，继续（处于某种状态）She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静Keep quiet！ 保持安静！ grow 生长（作“半系动词”用时意为：变得）It’s growing dark. 天渐渐（变）黑了The noise grew louder. 噪音（变得）越来越大appear 出现（作“半系动词”用时意为：似乎，显得=seem）He appears quite old. 他显得很苍老She appeared (to be) unconscious of the matter. 她似乎不知道那件事turn 转变（作“半系动词”用时意为：变得）The teacher’s voice turned hoarse. 那位老师的声音（变）哑了。

The leaves are beginning to turn red. 树叶开始变红4．smell闻, sound声音, feel感觉, taste尝, get得到例句： smell 闻起来，气味（如何）That milk smells sour. 那牛奶闻起来酸了Roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花散发出香味 sound 声音，发出声音（作“半系动词”用时意为：听起来） The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣 The voice sounds pleasant to ears. 这声音听起来悦耳 feel 感觉，感到（作“半系动词”用时意为：处于某种状态） He fel。