【总结】高中英语语法——情态动词总结.pdf

1情态动词总结 I 情态动词的特征：1. 本身有词义2. 不能独立作谓语2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语3. 不随人称和数的变化II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：1. can 与 could 用法对比点can could1、表 “能力 ”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldn t understand what he said at all.2、表 “许可 ”You can use a different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.3、 “怀疑 ”No, no, it can t be true.What on earth can this mean?We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?4、can与 be able to 区别1.could 代替can，表示语气更为婉转Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can2.can (能够 )=be able to(仅表能力时 )，但 be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。

2.may 与 might 用法对比点maymight1表 “询问 ”May I ?(=Can I ?)Might I ?(=Could I ?)(但比用 may 更客气 )2.表“允许 ”You may take the boy there.He told me he might come. (might 与 told 相呼应 )3表 “可能 ”“或许 ”She may nor like this place.I m afraid he might not like this play.注：1. May I?的答语2. may 可表示期望或祝愿May you succeed !3. may (might) 用于目的状语从句肯定： Yes, you may.否定： No, you mustn t 不行（语气强硬）No, you may not 或 No, you d better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.3. must 与 have to 用法对比点musthave to1. 表“必须 ”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。

He told me I must do according to what he said.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态It s raining heavily, we can t go now.2. 疑问句Must I ? Yes, you must.（一定）Do you have to go today?精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - -2No, you needn t./ you don t have to.(不必 )Yes, we do.You don t have to worry about that.4. need 与 dare 用法对比点needdare1.情态 v.+动词原形1）否定式2）疑问式He need not (needn t)go.-Need we do it again?-No, you needn t do it again.He dare not say so.Dare she go out alone at night?How dare you say I m unfair?If he dare do that, he ll be punished.I dare say. (固定用法 )2.实义 v. +to do 1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑问式He needs to go.He doesn t (does not) need to go.Does he need to do it again?No, he doesn t need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesn t)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I .3. did not need to do 表示过去没必要做She didn t need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.( 她没有参加 )5. should 与 ought to 用法对比点shouldought to1、表 “应该 ”表劝告、建议You should listen to the doctor s advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua.“ 有责任有必要”做某事You ought to finish your work before you go home.We ought to help each other.2、表 “估计 ”They should get home by now.“ 非常可能 ”的事，可译为 “总应该 ”If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.注：1）should 还可在虚拟语气中的使用2) 注意： ought to 的疑问式及否定式-Ought he to go? -Yes, I think he ought to. -No, he oughtn t to. 否定式： oughtnt to do ( 不说 ought to not do) 反疑问句： oughtnt _?6. shall 与 will 用法shallwill1. 征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称： Shall I (we)? Shall he (she)?Where shall I (we)wait for you?1. 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Will you (please) ? Won t you?Would you like to.? (would替代 will 更客气 )Won t you go and see the film?你不去看电影吗-Yes, I think I will. 不，我想去。

2. 表示说话人的 “意愿 ”有 “命令 ” “警告 ” “强制 ” “允诺 ” “决心 ”等，用于第二、三人称You shall do what I tell you ( to do).我叫你干什么你就干什么2. 表示 “意志 ” “意愿 ” ，用于各种人称：I won t do anything you don t like.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事Would 表示过去时间的“ 意志 ” “ 意愿 ”Shylock would not take the money earlier.精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - -3Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的7. used to 与 would 用法used towould1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.My hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语。

I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词He used to be nervous in the exam.2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换：When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.3. 表示过去的次数时，不能使用：( ）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注： used to do的否定式： usednt to do 或 didn t use to do (usednt也可写作 usent)疑问式：Did you use to do ? Didnt you use to do?Used you to do? Usedn t you to do?II 情态动词表推测：1. 大多数情态动词（除表能力、许可、意志外） ，都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。

按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should 完全肯定完全可能很可能 can couldmay might 可能有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义：may not 或许不、可能不might not 可能不can t 不可能mustn t不许、禁止shouldn t不应该needn t 不必3. 情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测S主+情态动词+ be + adj对“性质 ” “特征 ” 的推测S主+情态动词+ be + n对“职业 ” “事物 ” 的推测S主+情态动词+ 动词原形对经常性行为的推测S主+情态动词+ be + V-ing对进行着的行为的推测S主+情态动词+ have + PP对过去的行为的推测情态动词表推测时：1、can 只能用于否定句和疑问句2、must 只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can 来代替了）3、如句中有情态动词+ 完成时，定是对过去的推测4、句中如有表示不肯定的话语E.g I am not sure; I don t know 之类，常选may /might 的各种形式4. 表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式1). could + have + P.P.表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。

He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2). couldn t +have + P.P.She could not have covered the whole distance, but 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - -4表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了in fact she arrived ahead of time.3) needn t + have + P.P.表示本不必做的，但已经做到了She needn t have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.4.) should/ought to +have + P.P.表示该做而没有做The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.5) shouldn t/ 。