儿科学绪论（英文版）PPT课件

1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Overview of Pediatrics,1,Pediatrics is concerned with the childs physical,mental,and psychosocial health.,The field of pediatrics is about childrens health and the factors that affect their health.,2,Children:,0-18years 记住,3,2009,年世界各国,15,岁以下人口排名,排名国家,15,岁以下人口（万）,占世界比例 占该国总人口比例,1,印度,38370 20.9%32%,2,中国,25360 13.8%19%,3,尼日利亚,6834 3.7%45%6,美国,6147 3.3%20%7,巴西,5361 2.9%28%15,俄罗斯,2121 1.2%15%18,日本,1658 0.9%13%,美国全球健康政策协会（,global health policy),2009,年世界共有,1

2、5,岁以下儿童人口,18.36,亿，占世界总人口,27%,4,A state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,（虚,弱）,.,-WHO,1948,HEALTH,5,Childrens health should be defined as,the extent to which individual children or,groups of children are able or enabled to:,develop and realize their potential,satisfy their needs,develop the capacities to allow them to,interact successfully with their biological,physical,and social environment,Rudolphs Pediatrics,2010,6,Developmen

3、tal Pediatrics,Preventive Pediatrics,Clinical Pediatrics,Community pediatrics,The Scope of Pediatrics,7,Its the science to study of growth and development of child from moment of,conception,through,adolescence,including,physical growth,and,neuro-psychological development,.,Research on,various factors,that will influence growth and development and promotion to achieve full potential in adult.,Developmental Pediatrics,8,Preventive pediatrics,Preventive in the health care of infants,children,and ad

4、olescents is at the,core,of the field of pediatrics.,9,Primary Prevention,the measures of health promotion:,e.g.,nutrition,health education,physical activity,Immunization,accident prevention,mental health and well environment,etc.,Secondary Prevention,the measures of preventing diseases to happen.,e.g.,growth supervision,newborns screening,prenatal,产前,examination etc.,treatment of ill children and rehabilitation,复原,Tertiary Prevention,10,Clinical pediatrics,Primarily focused on diagnosis and tre

5、atment of diseases in childhood.,11,Clinical pediatrics divides into sub-speciality according to diseases related to organ system,Digestive system,Respiratory system,Cardiovascular system,Nephrology and urology,Endocrinology,Dermatology,皮肤病学,Hematology,Neurology.,Infectious disease,Metabolic disorders,Immunology,Allergy ect.,12,Clinical pediatrics divides into sub-speciality based on childs age,Perinatology,围产期学（产前5个月，产后一个月）,Neonatology,新生儿学,Adolescent medicine,青少年医学,13,Pediatrics divides into s

6、ub-speciality basing on health care system,Primary health care,Intensive care,Emergency care,Rehabilitation,康复,care,14,Community pediatrics,Research on social factors influence child health,e.g.economic,education,environment,family and so on.,15,Is a kid miniature of a adult?,16,Anatomy,e.g.,size and proportion of body,17,Physiology,Normal resting pulse rate and respiratory rate in children,Age,beats/min,breaths/min,newborn,140,40,5ys,100,25,15ys,70,20,18,e.g.,Typical sleep requirements in child

7、ren,19,Pathology,acute lobar pneumonia,bronchopneumonia,20,miliary tuberculosis,advanced pulmonary tuberculosis,(Arrows indicate the location of cavities within these light areas,),Pathology,21,Clinical aspect临床方面,the category of diseases,ex.,congenital先天性的,Infectious传染的,the manifestation表现 of diseases,ex.,acute,changeful,22,the diagnosis of disease,The treatment of disease,the prognosis预后 of disease,Clinical aspect,23,Is a kid miniature缩影 of a adult?,24,The illnesses and problems children encou

8、nter are,highly age-dependent,.The childs age will determine the questions you ask on history-taking,how you conduct the examination,the diagnosis or differential diagnosis and your management plan.,25,The Developmental Periods Across Childhood,FETUS,INFANCY,TODDLER,PRE-SCHOOL,SCHOOL CHILDREN,ADOLESCENCT,26,Embryo,:0-12 ws,Middle fetus,:13-28 ws,Late fetus,:29-40 ws,Fetal Period,Fetal period,Embryonic period,27,致畸敏感期,28,Full-term infant 37 ws GA,42ws,Preterm infant GA,37ws,Post-term infant GA 42

9、ws,*the meaning of several terms,GA:gestational age,29,Infant Period(0-12mo),neonatal period(0-28ds),Infancy is a period of rapid but decelerating growth rate.,Growth of brain occurs rapidly.,Attention on nutrition and rearing喂养.,30,Perinatal Period,This period is the interval间隔 from 28ws of gestation until the 7th day after birth.,This period is the time of life with the,highest,mortality rate,of any age interval.,*Close cooperation between the professionals involved in the care of pregnant wom

10、en and those for caring for the newborn infants.,31,Toddler period(1-3y),Growth rate slows down.,Psychological changes are in bursting phase.,Mobility increases;Walking independently;Interested in imitation.,Attention on education(nature,nurture and nutrition).,32,Preschool years(3-5y),Physical growth further slows down.,Development of cognition and widening social sphere.,Emphasizing the behavior and emotional development.,Prevention of accident.,33,School age(6-11y),Wide range presents normall

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