2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷84（附答案带详解）

1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The United States court system, as part of the federal System of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal-courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state Supreme Court. The federal court system, consists of series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is

2、at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical (等级制度的), for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigant (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supr

3、eme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial courta court of general jurisdictionin the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted by a trial and sentenced by the court and the case end; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending) and the parties

4、 leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the “loser” at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.21. What does the passage mainly discuss?22. According to the passage, district courts are also known as _.23. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “engaged in” means _.24. The passage indicated that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may take them

5、 to a _.25. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are _.问题1选项A.Civil and criminal trial courts.B.Typical court cases.C.The court system in the United States.D.The appeal court process.问题2选项A.circuit courtsB.intermediate courtsC.supreme courtsD.trial courts问题3选项A.committed toB.attentive toC.involved inD.absorbed in问题4选项A.different court in the same stateB.Federal trial courtC.State Supreme CourtD.Court in another state问题5选项A.always appealedB.usually resolved in the district

6、 courtsC.always overlappingD.usually settled by the Supreme Court【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】21.事实细节题。根据第一段第一句The United States court system, as part of the federal System of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal-courts.（美国法院制度作为联邦政府制度的一部分，其特点是双重司法制度；州法院和联邦法院同时存在。），后文以此展开，所以C选项“美国的法院系统”正确，A选项“民事和刑事审判法庭”，B选项“典型的法庭案例”和D选项“上诉法院程序”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三句series of trial courts (called district courts)（一系列的初审法院，也就是地方法院），可知D选项“初审法院”正确。A选项“巡

7、回法院”，B选项“中级法院”和C选项“最高法院”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。23.语义推测题。engaged in的意思是“从事，参加，参与”。根据第一段最后一句litigant (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美国最高法院上诉。），当事人参与诉讼，所以C选项“牵涉进，参与”正确。A选项“决心从事；致力于”，B选项“留意”和D选项“全神贯注于”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。24.义推测题。根据第一段最后一句litigant (person engaged in lawsuits ) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United S

8、tates.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美国最高法院上诉。），可知C选项“国家最高法院”正确。A选项“同一个州的不同法院”，B选项“联邦初审法院”和D选项“另一个州的法院”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。25.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial courta court of general jurisdictionin the state or federal system.（因此，典型的法院案件始于州或联邦体系的初审法院具有一般管辖权的法院。），可知B选项“通常在地区法院解决”正确，D选项“通常由最高法院解决”错误。A选项“常常提起上诉”和C选项“总是重叠”没有提到。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in line wi

9、thB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.in case of【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“符合；与一致”；B选项in terms of“依据”；C选项in regard to“关于”；D选项in case of“万一；假使”。句意：一个国家的财富应该_其人民的健康和幸福以及它所能生产的物质产品来衡量。根据语境，这里指国家的财富应该用人民和物质来衡量，所以B选项in terms of“依据”符合题意。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题At first, the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was _ revised.问题1选项A.subsequentlyB.successivelyC.predominantlyD.preliminarily【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项subsequently“随后”；B选项successively“接连的”；C选项predominantly“显著地”；D选项preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，公司拒绝购买设备，但这一决定_被修改了。根据语境，这里指决定在后来被修改，所以subsequently“随后”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 翻译题Section A English to Chinese (20 points)Directions: Translate the underlined part of the following tex

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