人工举升产品的问题和前景

1、The summary of artificial lift problem and solutionZHANGXIYUWhen the pressure of the reservoir fluids within the reservoir are less than, or change with time to be less than the hydrostatic head pressure of the total produced fluids from the reservoir to the surface production wellhead, the fluids will not flow. To get fluid to the surface, we need some kind of artificial lift. There are varieties of artificial lift including ESP lift, sucker rod lift and PCP pump lifting. The rapid development

2、of oil industry creates a lot of technology innovation chance for these artificial lift. More and more artificial lift vendors put more fund in the research and development of artificial lift. Even so, many application problems still exist. Every artificial lift has its own advantage and disadvantage, and each one has its application range in the oilfield. The article will give a guideline for the typical artificial lift. The picture-1 shows the percentage of these lift method of 2000.Picture-1

3、Artificial lift methods of 20001. ESP (electrical submersible pump)There are about 70,000 ESP all over the world。ESP is a very popular artificial lift method when pumping big flow rate fluid in the big casing size well. And also, the ESP is a main artificial lift method on the offshore due to the unique features on offshore all over the world. There are many advantages, but there are some application problems and some solution applied is not very ideal.1.1 Problem (1) High reservoir temperature

4、problem.(2) High gas content problem or high GOR (3) Deeper well problem(4) High thicker oil and scale problem 1.2 Solution There are some ESP application problems faced in ESP pump industry and some measures have already been taken to decreased the trouble. Technology innovation in pump industry including material improvement、electrical、pump structure etc make the ESP application in harsh reservoir condition feasible. (1) Solution for the high temperatureThe typical normal reservoir temperature

5、 which is below 100 could install the conventional ESP pump in the well-bore without any modification. But if the reservoir temperature is more than 100, the ESP selection and application will be another story. We experience some high reservoir temperature and adopt some measures. Adopt higher-class rubber material Adopt different structure of the motor such as adding a circulating impeller at the bottom of the motor Improve the fluid velocity passing the motor housing Size bigger horsepower mot

6、or (2) High gas content or high GOR Gas has been an annoying problem in ESP application. When the reservoir pressure is lower than bubble point pressure, the gas accumulation in the passage of the pump impeller is formed and it will take up the space of the passage in the impeller and block the fluid. Then the gas locking occurs. Right now there are several methods applied the ESP application. Adopt tandem gas separator or high efficiency gas separator. Adopt PGP by Powerlift patent. The princip

7、le is to mix the gas into the liquid and homogenize the mixture of the gas and fluid, the fluid to be pump is similar to a single phase. Install PGP and gas separator together to minimize the gas problem. Install the reverse shroud in the well-bore. The principle is to force the fluid go downward and come into the pump intake, but the gas will go upward along the shroud due to buoyancy. The gas is separated by this method. (3) Deeper well solution The pump depth of the ESP has been becoming deep

8、er and deeper as the technology improvement recently. Powerlift has already lift 3000meters fluid. But there are some measures to be solved. The burst pressure of the ESP pump housing have to be considered. The down-hole pressure and temperature is becoming higher and higher. The rubber material of the motor and protector should be considered.(4) High thicker oil and scale problem The problem oil has been problem especially thicker oil. When the ESP pump lifts this kind of oil, the friction betw

9、een the thick oil and pump impeller passage will increase the load of the motor and it finally cause the overload of the motor. Enlarge the width of the impeller passage and change the angle of the hydraulic. Improve the anti-resist coat of the pump impeller and reduce the friction. Install the cable protector and reduce the effect of the measure which is used to reduce the thick concentration of the oil. Improve the motor horsepower and strength the ability of reducing the viscosity of the oil by stirring of the ESP pump. Installing VSD to improve the adaptbility of the ESP.2. ROD (Sucker rod pump or beam pumping unit)Rod is a short of Beam Pumping unit/ Sucker Rod Pumps (Rod Lift). There are about 500,000 beam pumping unit all over the world (Picture 3 shows the beam pumping unit). The advantage of this pump could be described as following: High system efficiency Optimizati

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