语言学整理
39页1、语言学整理1“哎,几点了”“不好意思,打搅一下,请问您戴表了吗”1) the first is a direct speech act; in a casual way;/a little impolite or even rude by using the word “哎” to attract my attention.2) the second is an indirect speech act; inquires time by using the question “请问您戴表了吗” ,denoting the implicature that what he wants to know is not whether I wear a watch but time./uses an appropriate pragmatic strategy and presents strong communicative competence. eg:不好意思,打搅一下The crucial distinction in the use of these two types of spe
2、ech acts is based on the fact that indirect commands or requests are simply considered more gentle or more polite in our society than direct commands.2. Statement: In studying other cultures, we do so from the perspective of our own culture.考点:language and culture. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis1) What this hypothesis suggests is like this: our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different language may probably express our unique ways of understanding the world.2) Two important p
3、oints could be captured in this theory. On the one hand, language may determine our thinking patterns; on the other hand, similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. Therefore, the hypothesis has alternatively been referred to as linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity.3) The notion that language determines thought may be partially correct, in some extremely limited way, but it
4、fails to take into account the fact that users of a language do not inherit a fixed set of patterns to use. They inherit the ability to manipulate and create with a language, in order to express their perceptions.4) Therefore, we can say that in studying other cultures, we do so to some extent from the perspective of our own culture.例子:cousin in English 对应中文的“表兄弟”“堂兄弟”“姐妹”“表姐妹” wife in English 对应 “妻子,老婆,内人”3. Drills of the following sentences:Do you know where my book is?Do you know what time it
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