最新新课标版高考化学题库考点17化学实验基础优秀名师资料

1、2011新课标版高考化学题库考点17 化学实验基础温馨提示: 此题库为Word版请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴调节合适的观 看比例点击右上角的关闭按钮可返回目录。 考点17 化学实验基础 一、选择题 1.(2011?江苏高考?7)下列有关实验原理或实验操作正确的是 A.用水润湿的pH试纸测量某溶液的pH -1B.用量筒量取20 mL 0.5000 mol?LHSO溶液于烧杯中，加水80mL，配制成 24-10.1000 mol?LHSO溶液 24C.实验室用图2所示装置制取少量氨气 D.实验室用图3所示装置除去Cl中的少量HCl 2【思路点拨】解答本题时应注意掌握中学化学实验的基本操作和数据精度的要求。 【精讲精析】选D。A项，用水将pH试纸润湿后测溶液的pH，相当于将待测溶-1液稀释后测其pH，A项错误;B项，用量筒量取液体精度较低，与0.1000 mol?L要求不符，B项错误;C项，收集氨气的试管不应该加塞，C项错误;D项，HCl溶于饱和食盐水，Cl不溶于饱和食盐水，用图3装置可以除去Cl中的少量HCl，22D项正确。 2.(2011?江苏高考?13)下列有关实验原理、方法和结论都正

2、确的是 A.向饱和FeCl溶液中滴加过量氨水，可制取Fe(OH)胶体 33steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete

3、 structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between part

4、s of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should B.取少量溶液X，向其中加入适量新制的氨水，再加几滴KSCN溶液，溶液变红，2+ 说明X溶液中一定含有FeC.室温下向苯和少量苯酚的混合溶液中加入适量NaOH溶液，振荡、静置后分液，可除去苯中的少量苯酚 -D.已知II+I，向盛有KI溶液的试管中加入适量CCl，振荡静置后

5、CCl32344层显紫色，说明KI在CCl中的溶解度比在水中的大 34【思路点拨】解答本题时应结合胶体制备、离子推断、除杂、萃取等实验操作和原理分析具体问题，注意CCl可以萃取KI溶液中的I。 432【精讲精析】选C。A项, 向饱和FeCl溶液中滴加过量氨水，得到的是Fe(OH)333+2+沉淀而不是Fe(OH)胶体，A项错误;B项，溶液X 中也可能含有Fe没有Fe，3B项错误;C项，加入适量NaOH溶液，苯酚与NaOH反应生成苯酚钠，苯酚钠溶于水，苯不溶于水，振荡、静置后分液，可除去苯中的少量苯酚，C项正确;D项，CCl层显紫色是因为I在CCl中的溶解度比在水中的溶解度大，CCl萃取4244了I，D项错误。 23.(2011?安徽高考?10)下列有关实验操作、现象和解释或结论都正确的是 选项 实验操作 现象 解释或结论 过量的Fe粉中加入HNO，充33+FeHNO将Fe氧化为 稀A 溶液呈红色 3分反应后，滴入KSCN溶液B AgI沉淀中滴入稀KCl溶液 有白色沉淀出现 AgCl比AgI更难溶 HNOAl箔表面被氧化，3HNOAl箔插入稀中 C 无现象 3形成致密的氧化膜 用玻璃棒蘸

6、取浓氨水点到红D 试纸变蓝色 浓氨水呈碱性 色石蕊试纸上 【思路点拨】解答本题应注意化学实验操作、现象及相应的解释或结论之间的逻辑关系，注重实验细节，如“过量”、“稀”等字眼。 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface

7、advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative sur

8、faces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 【精讲精析】选D。 选项 具体分析 结论 2+A Fe粉过量时生成Fe，溶液不会呈红色 错误 由于AgI的溶度积远远小于AgCl，不会出现白色B 错误 沉淀 C Al箔

9、插入浓HNO中才会形成致密的氧化膜而钝化 错误 3+-在氨水中含有NH?HO，因为NH?HONH+OH 32324D 正确 呈碱性，所以氨水使红色石蕊试纸变蓝 4.(2011?广东高考?10)某同学通过系列实验探究Mg及其化合物的性质，操作正确且能达到目的的是 A.将水加入浓硫酸中得到稀硫酸，置镁条于其中探究Mg的活泼性 B.将NaOH溶液缓慢滴入MgSO溶液中，观察Mg(OH)沉淀的生成 42C.将Mg(OH)浊液直接倒入已装好滤纸的漏斗中过滤，洗涤并收集沉淀 2D.将Mg(OH)沉淀转入蒸发皿中，加足量稀盐酸，加热蒸干得无水MgCl固体 22【思路点拨】解答本题应从镁及其化合物的性质出发，结合实验基本操作完成。 【精讲精析】选B。很多活泼金属或不活泼金属都可以与稀硫酸反应放出氢气，要进行活泼性比较，必须有对比的金属为基础，故A不正确;NaOH和MgSO发4生复分解反应生成Mg(OH)沉淀，故B正确;向过滤器中加物质时，必须用玻璃2棒引流，C不正确;加热蒸干MgCl溶液，因MgCl易水解，最终得到Mg(OH)，222故D不正确。 ,15.(2011?海南高考?2)用0.1026mol?L的盐酸滴定25.00mL未知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液，滴定达终点时，滴定管中的液面如图所示，正确的读数为 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum V

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