断面解剖学课件04_脑血管

The applied anatomy of cerebral vessels脑血管的应用解剖 The characteristic of cerebral vessels脑血管的特性the composition:internal carotid a.s.vertebral a.s.2.the both systems form anastomosis (Willis circle)；3.The two artery systems enter cranial cavity by flexed journey；4.the wall of cerebral arteries is very thin,so breake and bleeding is very easy；arteriae systematicaccerebral arteries5.the cerebral arteries can be divided in to:cortex branches cerebral cortex central branches （basal nucleus,internal capsule,diencephalon）；cortex branchescentral branches6.the both systems haven,t anastomosis each other；这两个系统都没有相互吻合这两个系统都没有相互吻合 for example:blood vessels block7.the cerebral arteries do not accompanied by veins；脑的动脉不与脑静脉伴行8.the cerebral veins and cranial sinuses are no venous valve；脑的静脉和颅窦是没有静脉瓣 9.the both of cerebral blood capillary and neuron have blood brain barrier；脑的毛细血管壁和神经元有血脑屏障 10.The mutation of cerebral arteries is very common，脑动脉的变异是很常见的 especially in Willis circle。the artery systeme of brain n ninternal carotid A.S.internal carotid A.S.n nvertebral-basilar A.S.vertebral-basilar A.S.n nTo according to To according to tentoriumtentorium of cerebellum of cerebellum:n nthe the structures of structures of supratentoriumsupratentorium accept blood from accept blood from internal internal carotid A.S.and carotid A.S.and posterior cerebral arteryposterior cerebral artery;n nthe the structures of structures of infratentoriuminfratentorium accept blood from accept blood from vertebral-vertebral-basilar A.S.basilar A.S.internal carotid A.S.To according to the journey,internal carotid A.can be divided in to 1.cervical segment 2.encranial segment ：C5C5,carotid canal segment carotid canal segment；C4C4,cavernous segment cavernous segment；C3 C3,kneeknee segment segment；C2 C2,chiasmaticchiasmatic cistern segment cistern segment；C1C1,end,end segmentsegment Brain angiography（脑血管造影）:anterior view，like“like“T”,formed by”,formed by M1 1+A1 1+C1 1posterior posterior view，like“like“C”，formed by formed by C2 2+C3 3+C4 4n nthe the main branches of internal carotid arterymain branches of internal carotid artery 颈内动脉的主要分支：颈内动脉的主要分支：1.1.ophthalmic ophthalmic A A.（眼动脉）（眼动脉）2.2.posterior communicating A.posterior communicating A.（后交通动脉）（后交通动脉）3.3.ant.ant.choroidalchoroidal A.A.:cortex branchescortex branches：hippocampus and hippocampus and uncusuncus；central branchescentral branches：posterior limb of internal capsule and posterior limb of internal capsule and globusglobus palliduspallidus。it it,s s characteristic is slendercharacteristic is slender，t to take placeo take place embolism easilyembolism easily。其特点是纤细的，轻易发生栓塞 4.anterior cerebral a.（大脑前动脉）(1)(1)To according to the journey,To according to the journey,anterior cerebral a.anterior cerebral a.can be divided in to:can be divided in to:A1 A1 horizontal segmenthorizontal segment（水平段）（水平段）；A2A2 ascending segment ascending segment（升段）（升段）；A3 A3 knee-segment knee-segment（膝段）（膝段）；A4 A4 pericallosalpericallosal segmentsegment（胼段）（胼段）；A5A5 end-end-segmentsegment （终末端）。（终末端）。（2 2）branches and distribution（分支及分布）cortical branches：medial frontobasal a.posteromedial frontal a.pericallosal a.paraparacentral a.precuneal a.before part of parietooccipital sulcus,hemispheric medial face。central branches（medial medial lenticulostriatelenticulostriate artery artery）includeinclude：A.A.recurrent branchrecurrent branches es（HeubnerHeubner arteryartery）:putamenputamen、head of caudate nucleus head of caudate nucleus、internal capsule internal capsule；B.B.basal branchesbasal branches：optic optic chiasmachiasma 、hypothalamus hypothalamus。（3）5.middle cerebral a（大脑中动脉）.（1 1）the journey and segmentsthe journey and segments M1M1 horizontal segmenthorizontal segment；M2M2 i insulansula segment,segment,like“like“U U”；M3M3 lateral lateral sulcussulcus-segmentsegment M4 M4 bifurcate segmentbifurcate segment M5 M5 end-end-segmentsegment (2)(2)branches and distribution cortical branches：arteriaearteriae frontobasalisfrontobasalis lateralislateralis artery of artery of precentralprecentral sulcussulcus artery of central artery of central sulcussulcus artery of artery of postcentralpostcentral sulcussulcus posterior parietal a.posterior parietal a.temporal polar a.temporal polar a.arteriaearteriae temporalistemporalis anterior anterior；middle temporal a.middle temporal a.arteriaearteriae temporalistemporalis posterior posterior；artery of angular artery of angular gyrusgyrus。surfacesurface of of superolateralsuperolateral cerebral hemisphere and cerebral hemisphere and insulainsula。Central branches（lateral lateral lenticulostriatelenticulostriate a.a.）：most of part of the most of part of the internal capsule internal capsule and and striatumstriatum 。so this arteries is so this arteries is br bro ok ken and bleeding easilyen and bleeding easily。It is named It is named bleeding arteries!（3 3）vertebral-basilar A.S.（椎基底动脉系）vertebral artery 1.the journey and segments V1 transverse foramen-segmenttransverse foramen-segment V2 ho