全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类词汇与语法真题汇编四

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类词汇与语法真题汇编四 [单选题]226.______ to flow spontaneously from a block of ice to a surrounding volume of water, this could occur in complete accord with energy conservation. A.There were energy B.There was energy C.Were energy D.If energy is 参考答案：C（江南博哥） 句意：如果能量自然地从冰传递到周围的水中，这就与能量守恒定律完全吻合。由于句子后半部分采用过去式，故D项错误。前半句明显是一个条件状语从句，排除A、B两项，C项是倒装形式，原型是if energy were，故C项正确。 [单选题]227.______hundreds of pieces of litter. A.Were lying beside the road B.Were beside the road lying C.Beside the road lying were D.Lying beside the road were 参考答案：D 在道路两旁放着数百块垃圾。这里采用倒装形式，故D正确。 [单选题]228.It was the divaining that he had as a young man ______made him such a good engineer. A.that B.has C.what D.later 参考答案：A 正是他年轻时后受过的训练使他成为一名出色的工程师。句子采用it is…that…的句型，句中that he had as a young man做定语，并不是句型中的that用法，故A项正确。 [单选题]229.It was ______ the chief engineer came ______ we began the experiment. A.not until; that B.not until; then C.until; that D.until; when 参考答案：A 直到总工程师来了，我才开始做实验。it is not until...that为强调句型，意思是“直至某时才做某事”。 [单选题]230.It was ______ she was sick ______ she didn’t come to attend the farewell party. A.because; why B.why; that C.since; that D.because; that 参考答案：D 因为她病了，所以她没有来参加这个欢送会。It was...that为强调句型，强调原因，所以应选D项。 [单选题]231.Although a teenager, Fred could resist ______ what to do and what not to do. A.to be told B.having been told C.being told D.to have been told 参考答案：C 尽管Fred只有十几岁，他却拒绝接受别人指使他该做什么和不该做什么。resist后面只能跟动名词，所以A项和D项可以排除。having been told表示已经被告知，而being told泛指一般的被告知。 [单选题]232.For there ______ successful communication, all present must be attentive and get involved in the discussion. A.is B.to be C.will be D.being 参考答案：B 为了能够成功的交流，每个在场的人都必须集中注意力并且参加讨论。for表目的，动词不定式作独立主格。 [单选题]233.______ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal 参考答案：A 在其他条件都相同的情况下，能有效表达自己的人一定能比语言表达能力差的人更快地取得成功。other things being equal在其他条件都相同的情况下。 [单选题]234.The three men divied many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring coundivy, ______ by the police each time. A.had been captured B.being always captured C.only to be captured D.unfortunately captured 参考答案：C 这三个人多次试图偷偷越过边境溜入邻国，却每次都被警察逮住。only to be反而，结果却，不料。前后两分句之间为转折关系，必须用only to be的结构来凸显此意。 [单选题]235._______ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. A.There was B.Since C.Being D.There being 参考答案：D 由于没有恐慌, 那位老人又回到卧室去了。本题考查非谓语动词及其独立主格结构。根绝句意可判断，前后内容为因果关系，A项there was填在空格处，需要用连词连接前后两个句子，故应排除。since表示“由于”时，后应加句子，being 不符合句子语法结构。故正确答案为D项，there being为独立主格结构，在本句中表示原因。 [单选题]236.There seemed little hope that the explorers, _______ in the rainforest, would find their way out. A.having deserted B.to have been deserted C.to be deserted D.having been deserted 参考答案：D 此句中having been deserted用于描述explorers的状态，是已经被遗弃在雨林里。选项A中缺少被动态，可以排除。to do表示打算、计划做，to have done则是表示本来打算做但实际上没做，是虚拟语气的用法。因此选项B和C都可以排除。余下的选项D为正确答案。 [单选题]237.They called in an elecdivician _______ he could put a finger on the cause of the short circuit. A.to hope B.to be hoping C.hoping D.to have hoped 参考答案：C 他们叫来了电工，希望他能帮忙查出短路的原因。hoping在此处为现在分词形式表原因状语。 [单选题]238.The people who had been injured in the explosion lay ______ in agony. A.screeched B.groaned C.screaming D.to shriek 参考答案：C 在大爆炸中受伤的人躺着，痛苦的尖叫着。Screech尖叫。Groan呻吟，叹息。 Scream尖声叫。Shriek尖叫。Lay doing something表示“躺着在做什么”。 [单选题]239.While _______ an efficiency test on an engine, certain precautions should be observed. A.making B.to make C.being made D.made 参考答案：A 在进行发动机的效率测试时要采取一些预防措施。while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语又含有be，则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。在本题中从句和主句的主语都是人，从句省略了people/workers are。 [单选题]240._______, and members of the congregation having returned, this church too will start out with _______ effort in the work that lies before them, which will be taken up by the different departments. A.The summer vacation is over; great B.The summer vacation being over; renewed C.As the summer vacation over; refreshing D.Had the summer vacation been over; sacred 参考答案：B 暑假结束了，教堂的会众们回来了，教堂要重新开始对他们所面临的问题作出努力，那就是将要被不同的部门所接管。这道题考的是独立结构，being over和having returned为两个并列动名词独立结构放在句首作状语，renewed是形容词，更新的，重建的，符合句意。 [单选题]241.There had been windows on the westerly side of the school, but they appeared to have been built up for a long time _______ of the workmanship on the outside. A.estimated in the outlook B.to presume upon the clue C.to be detected in the divace D.judging from the appearance 参考答案：D 校园的西边有一些窗子，但是从外观判断他们已经存在很长时间了。judging from由…判断出，现在分词做独立成分，和句子的主语没有关系，一般可以认为动作发出者是作者或大众一般视角。所以D选项正确。 [单选题]242.All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the divain. A.had been cancelled B.having been cancelled C.were cancelled D.have been cancelled 参考答案：B 由于暴风雨，所有的航班都被取消了，乘客只能乘火车。having been cancelled完成时的现在分词形式作独立主格，表示原因。 [单选题]243.The hero