全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库三

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库三 [问答题]24.Directions:In this part there are one passage with five questions.Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:　　Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dry dates and “apricot leather”.All foods contain water—cabbage and other leaf vegedivs contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegedivs 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.　　Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean coundivies, and also in California, South Africa and Ausdivalia.The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on divays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying.Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying.　　Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃ at endivy to about 43℃ at exit.This is the usual method for drying such things as vegedivs, minced meat, and fish.　　Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder.Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegedivs are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.　　Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.　　Questions:　　1.What makes food go bad according to the passage?　　2.What does the word “dehydration” in Para.4 refer to?　　3.Housewives like dried foods because______.　　4.What kind of diveatment do pears and plums go through in the drying process?　　5.Where are vegedivs most commonly dried nowadays? 参考答案： 1.The activity of certain bacteria.　文章第二段提到：If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.可知，导致食物变坏的原因是the bacteria“细菌”。　　2.Drying.　文中第四段第一句话提到：现在用机械的方法使事物脱水，后面一句The conventional method of such dehydration…这里such dehydration就指代前面所说的脱水，故答案是drying。　　3.they are quick to prepare 　文中倒数第一段第二句话给出答案:They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.　　4.Chemical treatment.　文中第二段后半部分详细描写了水果脱水的过程，经过总结可知，在脱水过程中，需要经过一系列化学处理。　　5.In hot-air chambers.　第四段第二句话指出：The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃，and This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.通过概括，可知蔬菜脱水要用高温储藏室。 [问答题]25.Directions: In this part, there are one chart followed by 5 questions.Read the passages carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words.Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.1.What causes gum disease? ________________________________________　　2.According to the first paragraph, can you explain what plaque is?It is an almost ____________________________________ on __________.　　3.What will happen if the plaque on your teeth is not taken away?It will gradually ________________________________________________.　　4.What can be caused by the toothpaste Corsodyl?It can cause ________________________, _____________,and __________.　　5.How long do you have to wait when using Corsodyl after drinking coffee, tea, or red wine?____________________________________________________________. 参考答案： 1.Plaque causes gum disease./ Plaque.　文章第一句话就指出Gum disease is caused by plaque.　　2.invisible layer of bacteria deposit; teeth　文章第一部分第一句话中破折号后面的解释即为什么是plaque。　　3.destroy the tissues holding your teeth　文章第一部分第二行中间提到will destroy the tissues holding your teeth in place。　　4.some staining to your teeth; tooth colored fillin