汉语重复词语和重复结构英译策略.ppt

重复词语和重复结构的处理外位语英译练习v敌人有的死在路上，有的惊魂丧胆地跳到河里淹死了vOf the enemy, some died on the way and some, frightened out of their wits, leaped into the river and were drowned.v每句话，每个行动，每项政策，都要适合人民的利益，如果有了错误，定要改正，这就叫向人民负责vEvery word, every act and every policy must conform to the peoples interests, and if mistakes occur, they must be correctedthat is what being responsible to the people means.v抗战胜利的果实应该属于人民，这是一个问题，但是，胜利果实究竟落到谁手，能不能归于人民，这是另一个问题vThat the fruits of victory of the War of Resistance should go to the people is one thing, but who will eventually get them and whether it will be the people is another. 汉英在重复问题上的差异v一般说来，除非有意强调或出于修辞的需要，英语总的倾向是尽量避免重复。

讲英语的人对于随意重复相同的音节、词语或句式往往感到厌烦 汉语习惯于重复词语翻译的策略一）省略v省略法不仅可用以处理一个句子中的重复问题，而且对于跨句的重复现象也同样适用：v上头说把沟堵死好吗，沟一堵死，下点雨，咱们这儿还不成了海？（老舍龙须沟）vThe authorities said the Ditch would be filled in. Well then, the place would have turned into a lake on rainy days, wouldnt it? v 省略和代替一样，是避免重复的一种常用手段两者常常互相替换使用二）代替v 英语惯于使用代词、名词及其他词或词组来代替重复出现的部分1. 用代词或别的名词或相当于名词的词来代替重复使用的名词或名词词组， 以避免不必要的重复例如：Eg.我们的民族将再也不是被人欺侮的民族了，我们已经站起来了Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. We have stood up. v “妈，别听王奶奶的！王奶奶是个老顽固！”v “Ma, dont listen to Granny Wang; shes an old diehard!” v 非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。

vThe people of Africa are waging a hard struggle to win the complete emancipation of the continent. v 一定的文化，是一定社会的政治和经济的反映，又给予伟大的影响和作用于一定社会的政治和经济Any given culture is a reflection of the politics and economies of a given society, and the former in turn has a tremendous influence and effect upon the latter. 2. 用do, do so或so do 来代替重复出现的主要动词或整个谓语部分 v你答应了帮助他就应当去帮助他vYou should help him since you have promised to do so. v我们开了一次会，劝大家到群众里面去后来许多人去了，得到了很好的效果vWe held a forum and advised them to go among the masses. Later on, many did, and the results were very good. v无产阶级要按照自己的世界观改造世界，资产阶级也要按照自己的世界观改造世界。

vThe proletariat seeks to transform the world according to its own world outlook, and so does the bourgeoisie. 翻译练习，注意重复部分的译法 v1.我们的毛病还很多我们不怕说出自己的毛病，我们一定要改正自己的毛病vWe still have many failings. We are not afraid to admit them and are determined to get rid of them.v2.成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性vAchievements have a dual character and so have mistakes.v3.你不愿意落后， 她也不愿意落后vYou dont want to lag behind. Neither does she.v4.不懂就是不懂，不要装懂vWe must not pretend to know when we do not know. v5.电子管通常用来放大，而真空管则是电子管的另一名称v An electron tube is generally used for amplification, and vacuum tube is another term for this device. v6.沉默呵，沉默！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。

vSilence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence! 3. 用“so”或“as ”代替重复出现的表语或整个从句 v中国人是勇敢的，中国共产党也是勇敢的，他们一定要解放全中国vThe Chinese people are brave, so is the Communist Party of China, and they are determined to liberate all China. v自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其政治是封建的政治，其经济是封建的经济vFrom the Zhou and Qin Dynasties onwards, Chinese society was feudal, as were its politics and its economy. 4.用其他词或词组来代替重复出现的词语、结构或整个分句 v那时将不要军队，也不要兵船，不要军用飞机，也不要毒气vNeither armies, nor warships, nor military aircraft, nor poison gas will then be needed. v空洞干燥的教条公式是要破坏创作情绪的，但是它们不但破坏创作情绪，而且首先破坏了马克思主义。

vEmpty, dry dogmatic formulas do indeed destroy the creative mood; not only that, they first destroy Marxism. 不在一个句子里的重复词语或结构，同样可以用代替法处理 v我们提倡和平共处的原则，这项原则目前在世界上已越来越得人心了vWe have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular in the world. v总的说来，汉语多用实称，少用代称，因而较常重复；英语多用代称，以避免重复由此，可以说代替法是处理重复问题的有效方法之一，其方式多种多样，好处十分明显但是运用时一定要紧密联系上下文，做到指代分明，毫不含混；否则，宁可重复也不要滥用代称，以免引起误解三 ）合并v将重复词语或结构全部抽提出来，总译一次，加在全部有关词语或结构的前面或后面，统管兼顾例如：v要相信和依靠群众，相信和依靠人民解放军，相信和依靠干部的大多数vWe must have faith in and rely on the masses, the Peoples Liberation Army and the majority of the cadres. v中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。

vThe people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.v白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可不理 vAll that one is obliged to do. or to say, in the daytime, can be very well cast a side now. 四）部分重复v 汉语中重复使用的词语或结构，英译时只重复使用其部分词语或结构这样既可保证译文达意，又不至于显得过分累赘例如：v我们的政策，不光要使领导者知道、干部知道，还要使广大群众知道vOur policy must be made known not only to the leaders and to the cadres but also to the broad masses. v那是一个热闹的季节，也是一个风流的季节 vIt was a lively season, brimming with vitality, and romance. v新的政治力量，新的经济力量，新的文化力量，都是中国的革命力量。

vThese new political, economic and cultural forces are all revolutionary forces which are opposed to the old politics, the old economy and the old culture. 五） 全部重复v原文中的重复词语或重复结构，需要在译文中全部对应重复，主要有以下几种原因：(1) 为了明确地传达原文意思，避免产生歧义在翻译某些带有政策性的文件时，做到这一点尤为重要.v拉丁美洲各国人民在支持你们，亚洲各国人民在支持你们，非洲各国人民在支持你们，世界各国人民在支持你们vYou enjoy the support of all the other people of Latin America, the support of all the people of Asia, the support of all the people of Africa, and the support of the people of the whole world. v我们需要的是迅速进步，不是慢慢进步。

vWe need rapid progress, not slow progress. (2)为了保证原文的强调语气和独特风格，译文也同样重复v他们偷，他们抢，他们欺诈，谁也不敢惹他们老舍龙须沟）vThey steal, they rob, they swindle; no one dares to cross their path. v这是一个伟大的胜利，是中国从古未有的大胜利，也是十月革命以后一个带有世界性的大胜利vThis is a great victory, a。