初中英语语法：各个时态的标志和时态间的区别.doc

英语中各个时态的标志和时态间的区别一）一般现在时do/does, am/is/are, 情态动词） a. 一般现在时表示的是客观事实或平时反复做的事情通常有频率副词always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，once a week，every day等 如：The earth goes around the sun. Japan lies east of China. He is never late for school. He often gets up at six every day. Cats can climb trees. I hear they have moved into a new house. He writes to his father once a year. b.一般现在时还可以表示、安排好的，或即将发生的事，通常使用瞬间动词come，start，begin，return，leave等。

如：My plane leaves at 6:00 a.m.. Is there any meeting today? The game starts at 8:00.（二）现在进行时am/is/are doing） a.现在进行时表示现在或最近正在做的事情，后面一般接延续性的动词，都表示动作没有进行完 如：Look! The boy is dancing. He is watching a football game. What are you doing now? They are preparing for the exam recently. b.还常与always，usually，constantly，forever，continually等词连用表示一种语气，“总是，老是…”， 如：He is always working late. Why are you always making this kind of mistake? He is continually getting into trouble with the police. c.后面接暂转动词时表示正在反复的动作，或表示将来时（一般只有go, come, leave和have） 如：The monkeys are jumping. They are hitting the tree. 表将来：We are going swimming this afternoon. They are leaving here. They are having an English class tomorrow. 试比较： He is doing his homework until his parents come to take him home. He will do his homework until his parents come to take him home.注：表示知觉、感觉、看法、认识、情感或愿望的动词和大部分暂转动词不能用现在进行时。

如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, like, hate, dislike, want, love, hate, want, know, forget, remember, understand, believe, suppose, mean, wish, hope, need, believe, refuse, suppose, have, fit, seem, fear, own等（三）现在完成时 a.现在完成时中用瞬间动词表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作对现在还有影响，句中的时间副词主要有already, yet, now, by this time, by now等；用延续动词表示过去已经开始持续到现在而且还有可能继续持续下去的动作，句中的时间副词主要有this week, in the past/last/recent few years, since…, for… 如：He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t arrived here yet. They have been here for ten years. He has waited here since he came. *与一般过去时比较，看下面一段对话： A: Have you seen my book? I think I have lost it. B: Yes, I ______ (see) it on your table just now. But it ______(not be) there any longer. Where and when ______ you ______(lose) it? A: I think I ______ (lose) it yesterday. B: ______ you ______ (find) it? A: ______.(Yes./No.) b.现在完成时中的瞬间动词与延续动词的相互转化： have finished/stopped/ended → have been over have started/begun → have been on have joined → have been in/a member of have turned/become/got → have been have left → have been away from have arrived/reached/got to → have been have died → have been dead have married/got married to sb. → have been married to sb.（四）一般将来时。

will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are doing, am/is/are about to do） a.一般将来时表示将要发生或打算做的事情， 如：He will come back in two days. When will he give the book back to me? It’s going to rain. We are going to hold a sports meeting next week. They are leaving for New York. He is about to leave.（五）一般过去时did, was/were, 情态动词过去式） a.一般过去时表示在过去的某个时间发生的具体事情，一般都要有表示过去的时间状语， 如：He went to school by bike yesterday. We had a good time last night. He could count to 1000 when he was three. He was a teacher before.注意：在直接引语转换成间接引语时时间状语的变化： 如:He said, “I did it yesterday.”→ He said he did it the day before. today → that day yesterday → the/a/one day before the day before yesterday → 2 days before last week → the week before 2 weeks ago → 2 week before tomorrow → the next day/the day after或one/a day later the day after tomorrow → 2 days after/later in a week/next week → the next week in 2 weeks → 2 weeks after/later（六）过去进行时。

was/were doing） a.过去进行时表示在过去的某个具体时间里正在发生的事情， 如：He was reading newspaper at seven yesterday evening. The Smiths are watching TV at nine last night. When he got home, his mother was cooking. b.或过去的某段时间里持续发生的事情， 如：I was studyin。