英美文选读5.pdf

Chapter 5: The Modern Period General Introduction 考核要求 : 1．识记：A. 20 世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景B．英国 20 世纪批判现实主义文学C．现代主义文学的兴起与衰落2．领会：A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张B．英国现代主义文学思潮（1）诗歌（2）小说（3）戏剧3．应用：A．名词解释：现代主义B．英国现代主义文学的特点C．现代主义文学对当代文学的影响考点串讲 : 1. Modern period: from the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. 2. The social, historical background of the modern English literature：First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire The Great Depression made the English think about the life of the poor People were in economic, cultural, and belief crisises. 3. The ideological background of the modern English literature ① Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels‘ scientific socialism②Darwin's theory of evolution ③ Einstein's theory of relativity ④Freud's analytical psychology ⑤Irrationalism philosophers 4. Modernism：①Original source: skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. ②Basis: the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis ③Theme: the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. ④Concentration: more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. ⑤Concerning: the inner being of an individual. ⑥Characteristics: “the dehumanization of art“. And pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual. ⑦The relation with realism: a reaction against realism. Rejection to rationalism, which is the theoretical base of realism; it excludes from its major concern the external, objective, material world, which is the only creative source of realism; by advocating a free experimentation on new forms and new techniques in literary creation, it casts away almost all the traditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration, etc., which are essential to realism. As a result, the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel, anti-poetry and anti-drama ⑧Definition:It is a reaction against realism. It rejects rationalism which is the theoretical base of realism; it excludes from its major concern the external, objective, material world, which is the only creative source of realism; by advocating a free experimentation on new forms and new techniques in literary creation, it casts away almost all the traditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration, etc which are essential to realism. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. 5. The development Novels in the 20th century; ①Realistic novelists (at the early age): John Galsworthy, H.G. Well and Arnold Bennett (their styles are the continuity of Victorian tradition) ②Modernist novelists (the streams of consciousness in 1930s): James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Richardson, E.M. Forster and D.H. Lawrence (This is the golden age) ③The Angry Young Men: Kingsley Amis (the first to attack the privileges), John WainJohn Braine and Alan Sillitoe 【例题】 ______________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with ___________ as his encyclopedia – like masterpiece . A. James Joyce, Ulysses B. E.M. Foster, A Passage to India C. D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers D. Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway 【答案】 A 【解析】 (P389. para.1) 本题考查的是 ― 意识流派 ‖ 小说家中的代表人物及其代表作。

英国的― 意识流派 ‖ 作家，无论是乔埃斯，沃尔夫，还是劳伦斯，其成就都是非凡的但是以乔埃斯的成就最为突出，其代表作品是《尤利西斯》6. The development Dramas in the 20th century: ①Modernism: Oscar Wilde —the pioneer of modern drama George Bernard Shaw – best known since Shakespeare Galsworthy ②Irish National Theater Movement: W.B. Yeats, Lady Georgory, J.M. Synge and Sean O‘Casey③Poetic drama: T.S. Eliot regarded drama as the best medium ④English Dramatic Revolution: The working class drama and The Theater of Absurd The typical authors during this period: 考核要求 : 萧伯纳1．一般：萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。

2．识记：A．萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张B．萧伯纳的戏剧创作（1）早期主要作品：《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》（2）中期作品：《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》（3）晚期作品：《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》3．领会：A．萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义B．萧伯纳的戏剧对20 世纪英国文学的影响4．应用：A．《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义B．选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等T．S．艾略特1．一般识记：艾略特的生平及创作生涯2．识记：艾略特的主要诗歌作品（1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》（2）《荒原》（3）《灰星期三》（4）《四个四重奏》3．领会：A．艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观B．艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义C．艾略特的戏剧D. 文略特的艺术成就E．艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响4．应用：A．《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义B．选读：所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等戴维 · 赫伯特 · 劳伦斯1．一般识记：劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯2．识记：劳伦斯的主要小说（1）《儿子与情人》（2）《虹》（3）《恋爱中的女人》3．领会：A．劳伦斯的创作思想B．劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义．C．劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响4．应用：A．《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义B．选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等考点串讲 : Ⅰ. George Bernard Shaw 1. His life and writing: Bernard Shaw, a brilliant dramatist, was born in Dublin, Ireland, of English parentage. He once worked in a landagent's。