钙、钾营养对nacl胁迫下马铃薯生长和生理特性的影响.pdf

分类号 S532 学校代码 10129 U D C 633 学 号 09202029 钙、钾营养对 NaCl 胁迫下马铃薯生长和生理特性的影响 Effects of Calcium,Potassium nutrition on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Potato under NaCl Stress 申 请 人：王朝霞 学科门类：农 学 学科专业：作物栽培学与耕作学 研究方向：马铃薯栽培生理与品种改良 指导教师：蒙美莲 教授 论文提交日期：二〇一二年六月 摘 要 以马铃薯克新一号品种为试验材料，采用组织培养的方法，研究了不同 NaCl 胁迫浓度下向培养基中分别添加不同浓度的CaCl2和K2SO4对马铃薯脱毒苗生长和生理指标的影响主要研究结果如下： 1 培养基中添加5～15mmol/L CaCl2均可不同程度增加各NaCl胁迫浓度下马铃薯脱毒苗株高、 茎粗、 叶片数及茎叶干重， 还能有效提高 25mmol/L 和 50mmol/LNaCl胁迫浓度下马铃薯脱毒苗的根系活力。

2 低盐胁迫浓度下， 5～15mmol/L CaCl2均不同程度的促进了马铃薯脱毒苗脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的增加相同胁迫浓度下，SOD 和 POD 活性均随CaCl2浓度的增加呈先增高后降低趋势，且 CaCl2浓度为 10mmol/L 时，SOD 和 POD活性最大另外，Ca2+的添加还有效降低了叶片细胞膜透性和 MDA 含量 高盐胁迫浓度下， 5mmol/L CaCl2处理的马铃薯脱毒苗生长较好 3 低盐胁迫浓度下， 4～12mmol/L K2SO4不同程度的促进了马铃薯脱毒苗株高、茎叶干重的增加及根系活力的增大，且 8mmol/L K2SO4处理好于其它浓度高盐胁迫浓度下， 4mmol/L K2SO4处理的马铃薯脱毒苗茎叶生长最好 4 各 NaCl 胁迫浓度下，培养基中添加 4～8mmol/L K2SO4均不同程度的促进了马铃薯脱毒苗脯氨酸和 K+含量的增高，SOD 和 POD 活性的增大适宜浓度的 K2SO4还有效降低了叶片 MDA 和 Na+含量，且低盐胁迫浓度下，8mmol/L K2SO4处理效果优于其它浓度；高盐胁迫浓度下，以 4mmol/L K2SO4处理效果最好。

关键词：马铃薯；NaCl 胁迫；钙、钾营养；生长发育；生理特性 Effects of Calcium,Potassium nutrition on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Potato under NaCl Stress Abstract The effects of different calcium, potassium nutrition concentration on growth development and physiological characteristic of potato variety “gram new No 1” were investigated under NaCl stress under tissue culture conditions. the main conclusions were as follows: 1 Under different NaCl concentration stress, 5～15mmol/L CaCl2 treatment could increase plant height ,stem diameter, leaf number and the dry weight of stem and leaf of potato and could improved the root activity of potato under 25mmol/L and 50mmol/L NaCl stress. 2 Under the low-salt stress, 5～15mmol/L CaCl2 treatment promoted the increasing of proline content , soluble sugar content, soluble protein content . Under the same salt concentration stress , superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity was increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of CaCl2 concentration . And when CaCl2 concentration was 10 mmol/L, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity were the largest . Ca2+ also promoted the decreasing of cell membrane permeability and MDA content effectively . But under the high-salt stress, the effect of 5～10mmol/L CaCl2 treatment was best. 3 Under the low-salt stress, 4～12mmol/L K2SO4 treatment increased plant height , the dry weight of stem and leaf and root activity,and 8mmol/L K2SO4 was the best than the orthers. But under the high-salt stress, the effect of 4mmol/L K2SO4 treatment was the best. 4 Under different NaCl concentration stress, 4～12mmol/L K2SO4 treatment promoted the increasing of Proline content , chlorophyll content, K+ content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity. K2SO4 also promoted the decreasing of cell membrane permeability and MDA content effectively . And under the low-salt stress, the effect of 4mmol/L K2SO4 treatment was the best. Under the high-salt stress, the effect of 4mmol/L K2SO4 treatment was the best. Key words: Potato；NaCl stress；Calcium nutrition； Potassium nutrition；Growth development；Physiological characteristic Directed by: Prof. MENG Meilian Applicant for Master degree:WANG Zhaoxia （Principles of crop production and cultivation） （College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China） 目 录 1 引言 ................................................................ 1 1.1 研究目的和意义 .................................................. 1 1.2 研究进展 ........................................................ 1 1.2.1 盐胁迫对植物的影响 ............................................ 1 1.2.2 植物对盐胁迫的响应 ............................................ 4 1.2.3 钙营养与植物抗盐性 ............................................ 5 1.2.4 钾营养与植物抗盐性 ............................................ 8 2 材料与方法 .......................................................... 9 2.1 试验材料 ........................................................ 9 2.2 试验地点 ....................................................... 10 2.3 试验处理及方法 ................................................. 10 2.3.1 材料培养 ..................................................... 10 2.3.2 试验处理 ..................................................... 10 2.4 取样及测定方法 ................................................. 10 2.4.1 取样方法 ..................................................... 10 2.4.2 各项指标的测定方法 ........................................... 11 3 结果与分析 ......................................................... 13 3.1 钙素对 NaCl 胁迫下马铃薯脱毒苗形态及生理生化特性的影响 .......... 13 3.1.1 对马铃薯脱毒苗生长发育的影响 ................................. 13 3.1.2 对马铃薯脱毒苗叶绿素含量的影响 ............................... 17 3.1.3 对马铃薯脱毒苗渗透调节物质含量的影响 ......................... 18 3.1.4 对马铃薯脱毒苗质膜透性的影响 ................................. 20 3.1.5 对马铃薯脱毒苗丙二醛含量的影响 ............................... 20 3.1.6 对马铃薯脱毒苗抗氧化酶活性的影响 .......................。