Communication.ppt

CommunicationWhat Is Communication?nCommunicationqThe transfer and understanding of meaning.nTransfer means the message was received in a form that can be interpreted by the receiver.nUnderstanding the message is not the same as the receiver agreeing with the message.qInterpersonal CommunicationnCommunication between two or more peopleqOrganizational CommunicationnAll the patterns, network, and systems of communications within an organizationFour Functions of CommunicationFunctions ofFunctions of CommunicationCommunicationControlControlMotivationMotivationEmotionalEmotional ExpressionExpressionInformationInformationFunctions of CommunicationnControlqFormal and informal communications act to control individuals’ behaviors in organizations.nMotivationqCommunications clarify for employees what is to done, how well they have done it, and what can be done to improve performance.nEmotional ExpressionqSocial interaction in the form of work group communications provides a way for employees to express themselves.nInformationqIndividuals and work groups need information to make decisions or to do their work.Interpersonal CommunicationnMessageqSource: sender’s intended meaningnEncodingqThe message converted to symbolic formnChannelqThe medium through which the message travelsnDecodingqThe receiver’s retranslation of the messagenNoiseqDisturbances that interfere with communicationsInterpersonal Communication ProcessDistortions in CommunicationsnMessage EncodingqThe effect of the skills, attitudes, and knowledge of the sender on the process of encoding the messageqThe social-cultural system of the sendernThe MessageqSymbols used to convey the message’s meaningqThe content of the message itselfqThe choice of message formatqNoise interfering with the messageDistortions in Communications (cont’d)nThe ChannelqThe sender’s choice of the appropriate channel or multiple channels for conveying the messagenReceiverqThe effect of skills, attitudes, and knowledge of the receiver on the process of decoding the messageqThe social-cultural system of the receivernFeedback LoopqCommunication channel distortions affecting the return message from receiver to senderInterpersonal Communication Methods• Face-to-face • Telephone • Group meetings • Formal presentations • Memos • Traditional Mail • Fax machines • Employee publications • Bulletin boards • Audio- and videotapes• Hotlines • E-mail • Computer conferencing • Voice mail • Teleconferences • VideoconferencesInterpersonal CommunicationnNonverbal CommunicationqCommunication that is transmitted without words.nSounds with specific meanings or warningsnImages that control or encourage behaviorsnSituational behaviors that convey meaningsnClothing and physical surroundings that imply statusqBody language: gestures, facial expressions, and other body movements that convey meaning.qVerbal intonation: emphasis that a speaker gives to certain words or phrases that conveys meaning.Barriers to Effective Interpersonal CommunicationnFilteringqThe deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver.nEmotionsqDisregarding rational and objective thinking processes and substituting emotional judgments when interpreting messages.nInformation OverloadqBeing confronted with a quantity of information that exceeds an individual’s capacity to process it.Barriers to Effective Interpersonal CommunicationnDefensivenessqWhen threatened, reacting in a way that reduces the ability to achieve mutual understanding.nLanguageqThe different meanings of and specialized ways (jargon) in which senders use words can cause receivers to misinterpret their messages.nNational CultureqCulture influences the form, formality, openness, patterns and use of information in communications.Overcoming the Barriers to Effective Interpersonal CommunicationsnUse FeedbacknSimplify LanguagenListen ActivelynConstrain EmotionsnWatch Nonverbal CuesActive Listening Behaviors。