中考上海中考英语总复习—从句.doc

宾语从句和定语从句授课类型C宾语从句C 定语从句T （典型例题巩固）授课日期及时段教学内容专题一：宾语从句一、 宾语从句专题知识梳理概念：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子就叫宾语从句，基本句式为“主句+连接词+宾语从句”题型特点：在中考当中的考查题型为选择题及句型转换题，分值一般为3-4分左右，主要围绕宾从的三要素，语序，时态，连接词进行考察宾从也可以在写作中适当使用，进行文采的提高知识点1： 引导词1. 由that引导的宾语从句that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。

if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.中考考点---if和whether的区别if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain.只用whether的情况：1）在带to的动词不定式前He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.2）  在介词后I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.3） 直接与or not连用时I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.4） 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week.5） 宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhether this is true or not, I can’t say.6） 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether Whether he is right or wrong is a question.知识点2：语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾从一定要用陈述句的语序，其标点符号由主句来决定。

因此当宾语从句是由whether\if 或者特殊疑问词引导时，因将其原来的疑问句语序还原为陈述句的语序知识点3：时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）e.g. She says （that）：she often goes to school on foot ; she went to school on foot yesterday ; she will go to school on foot tomorrow; she is eating an apple now .she has eaten the apple ……e.g. She said （that）: she often went to school on foot ; she went to school on foot the day before ; she would go to school on foot the next day ; she was eating an apple then . she had eaten the apple ……知识点4：特殊情况1.当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，主句不管是什么时态，从句只能用一般现在时。

eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east. She told me (that) knowledge is power.2.当主句是：Could you… \ Would you …表示建议或者请求的句型时，主句的时态是一般现在时，从句时态不限定e.g. Would you tell me what you want to eat ? Could you tell me how he will come tomorrow ? 3.当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如what’s the problem/ what’s the matter/ what’s up/ what’s wrong表示“怎么了”.e.g. I don’t know what’s the problem/ what’s the matter/ what’s up/ what’s wrong.关于宾语从句应注意事项：熟练掌握宾语从句三大要素：语序、时态、连接词注意特殊情况，如：Could you please/ Would you please 表示委婉语气，不影响时态；从句表示客观事实或真理，从句时态使用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响；与or/or not连用，只用whether，不用if；当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如what’s the problem等。

二、同步题型分析例1：“Who is responsible for the food safety problem? asked the reporter. (改为宾语从句) 2013上海中考The reporter asked ________ _________ responsible for the food safety problem.解析：本题先根据特殊疑问句，因此直接使用特殊疑问词who 引导宾从，根据主语谓语asked 过去时，因此，从句的一般现在时改为一般过去时，因此本题答案为 who was例2："Is it the first boys-only school in the city?" asked a parent. (改为宾语从句) 2012上海中考A parent asked _______ it _________ the first boys-only school in the city.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主语谓语动词为asked，从句的时态由一般现在时改为一般将来时，因此本题答案为 if/whether was。

例3： Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. (合为一句) 2011上海中考The sales manager wants to know____ there____any new markets in Asia.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不需要改变，因此本题答案为 if/whether are例4：I want to know______________. 2010上海中考A) when we should arrive at the airportB) when should we arrive at the airport C) when the airport we should arrive at D) when the airport should we arrive at解析：选择题中宾语从句的做题技巧从两方面出发，一个是语序，一个使时态。

本题根据陈述语序便可排除B、D选项，C项宾语位置错误，因此正确答案为A例5：Could you please tell us _________ in Shanghai? 2009上海中考A) when will you visit the World Expo B)when you will visit the World ExpoC) when the World Expo will you visit D) when the World Expo you will visit 解析：本题结合宾语从句考察，本题需要注意could you please只表示委婉语气，不表示过去时态，同时根据陈述语序进行排除，因此本题选BKeys: 一、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6.B 7.C 8. D 二、1、haven't finished 2、stopped 3、will come  4、was raining 5、not to walk  6、would help 7、had known  8、doesn't rain, will visit 9、was writing, went 10、travels 三、1. if he wanted 2.how can I get to 3.he had finished his 4. how to get to 专题二：定语从句一、定语从句专题知识梳理概念：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。

这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出定语从句的引导词：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等关系副词有：when, where, why等知识点1：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致1.who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to se。