安徽省普通高等学校专升本招生考试主要英语语法复习.doc

专升本语法讲解一、 名词、代词、冠词、数词（一） 名词：1、 名词分类：专有名词、普通名词〔个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词个体名词：lawyer, gun, country集体名词：committee, family, staff, police, crew, cattle <*作为复数>物质名词：cotton, tea, air, gold, sand抽象名词：work, happiness, enthusiasm, information类型的转换：物质名词——个体名词：glass—a glass, iron—an iron, copper—a copper, tin—a tin, paper—a paper 抽象名词——个体名词：youth—a youth, relation—a relation, democracy—a democracy, beauty—a beautyl 可数 vs. 不可数Do you care for tea? Long Jing is a well-known tea.Do you like chocolate? He bought us a box of chocolates? Have some coffee. Two coffees, please. l 不可数名词的量A piece of news/ advice/ information/ work…A bottle of milk/ ink…2、名词的数：单数、复数 特殊的名词复数：l 以"O"结尾,不加es的: 末尾为两个元音字母；外来词：radios, bamboos, zoos; photos, pianos, memos, tobaccosl 以"f/fe"结尾,直接加es的: Roofs, cliffs, proofs, hoofs, chiefs, gulfs, beliefsl 不规则形式：英语中古的复数形式；外来词Man-men, tooth—teeth, child-children, ox-oxenPhenomenon-phenomena, thesis-theses, crisis-crises, criterion-criterial 单复数同形：Chinese, Japanese, aircraft, sheep, deer, fish, swine, means, series, species…l 合成名词的复数：只把主体名词改为复数：looker-on, runner-on, son-in-law由man/woman构成的合成名词,全部都变：man-servant—men-servants, woman doctor—women doctorsl 常以复数形式出现的：两部分构成的；以-ing结尾的；其他Scissors, trousers, glasses, pants…Belongings, surroundings, savings, findings…Statistics, overalls, congratulations, clothes, stairsl 以-s为词尾,但做单数看的词: Phonetics, politics, physics 3. 名词的格： ’s; "of" 4. 名词在句中的作用：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等l 主语: Complacency is the enemy of study.l 表语：We are all servants of the people. l 宾语：He knows five languages.l 定语：Is it a colour TV? l 补语：We elected him our monitor. 二、 代词：人称代词、物主代词、自身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词1、人称代词、物主代词、自身代词单数复数一二三一二三人称代词主格Iyouhe, she, itweyouthey宾格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem物主代词形容词型myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir名词型mineyourshis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs自身代词单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、相互代词：one another, each other We can help one another . 3、指示代词：this, that, these, thosel 指前面提到的事物：that, those <避免重复>The best coal is that from Newcastle. These machines are better than those we turned out last year. l *如果名词是单数可数名词,用the one更多I’ll take the seat next to the one by the window. My room is lighter than the one next door. l 指下面要说的事物：this, these　　I want to know this: Has John been here?l Such: 作定语、主语、表语We have has such a busy day. Such are the results.His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 4. 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which5．关系代词：引起定语从句who, whom, whose, that, which, as6．连接代词：引起主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句 〔所有的疑问代词、what7、不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other another, some, any, no 及由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词。