
英语学习中的六种基本句型结构.docx
7页名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -英语学习中的六种基本句型结构英语的句式从表达形式上来看,形式多样且丰富多彩,但认真观看后就不难发觉,无论其怎样变化,它们大都基本保持了常见的六个句型结构;也就是说,绝大多数英语句子都是由这六个基本句式演化、衍生而成的;因此,把握好这六个基本句型以及他们的基本用法, 对于初学英语的同学们来说,就显得特别重要了;这里做一简洁列举与说明,期望对同学们的学习有所帮忙:英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:S V (主+谓) 主语——— 动词二:S V P (主+系+表) 主语——— 动词——— 表语三:S V O (主+谓+宾) 主语——— 动词——— 宾语四:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 主语——— 动词——— 宾语——— 宾语五:S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 主语——— 动词——— 宾语——— 补语六:There be+ 主语 + 其它一、句型 1: Subject 〔主语〕 + Verb 〔 谓语 〕这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如: work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等;如:1) Li Ming works very hard. 李明学习很努力;2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了;3) The accident happened yesterday afternoo事n. 故是昨天下午发生的;1.The sun is rising.2. I'll try.3. Did you sleep well? 〔well 做状语,修饰不及物动词 sleep〕 4.The engine broke down.留意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态;1. The book sells well. 2.The window won't shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily.二、句型 2:Subject 〔主语 〕 + Link. V〔 系动词〕 + Predicate〔表语〕这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等;其系动词一般可分为以下两类: 第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -〔1〕表示状态;这样的词有: be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, kee等p1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口;2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些着急;;如:〔2〕表示变化;这类系动词有: become, turn, get, grow, go等;如:1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越温和;2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了;1. Mr.Brown is an engineer.〔名词做表语 〕2. Gradualy he became silent.形〔 容词做表语 〕3. She remained standing for a hour.现〔 在分词做表语 〕4. The question remained unsolved.过〔 去分词做表语 〕5. The machine is out of order.〔介词短语做表语 〕 6.The television was on.〔副词做表语 〕7. His plan is to keep the affair secret.动〔 词不定式做表语 〕8. My job is repairing cars.〔动名词做表语 〕9. The question is what you want to do.从〔 句做表语,即:表语从句 〕留意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构;I'm happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.三、句型 3:Subject〔主语〕 + Verb 〔 谓语〕 + Object 〔宾语 〕这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词;其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当;例:1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了;2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. 〔 代词〕当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮忙;3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day(.她准备在即将到来的 “五一”外出旅行;不定式)4) I don ’t know what I should do ne从xt.句〔 〕我不知道下一步该干什么;1.Do you know these people〔them?〕 〔名词或代词做宾语 〕2.I can't express myself in English.〔反身代词做宾语 〕3. He smiled a strange smile.同〔 源宾语 〕4. We can't afford to pay such a price.不〔 定式做宾语 〕5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes? 〔动名词做宾语 〕I. hope that I have said nothing to pain you.从〔 句做宾语,即:宾语从句 〕留意:并不是全部的及物动词都可以接上述各种情形做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,肯定要把握其用法;四 句型 4: Subject〔主语 〕+ Verb〔谓语 〕+ Indirect object〔间接宾语 〕+ Direct object 〔直接宾语〕这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,在句中不行或缺,常常由表示 “物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为其次宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指 “人”的名词或代词承担;引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等;如:1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物;2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人常常给孩子们叙述长征途中那些英雄的故事;上述句子仍可以表达为:1) Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2) The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记;后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物;这类句型有三种情形;第一种情形,间接宾语可以改为 to 引导的短语;1. He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me.2. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me.其次种情形,间接宾语可以改为 for 引导的短语;3. She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us.4. She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us.第三种情形,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当;5. Tell him I'm out.6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?五、句型 5: Subject〔主语〕+Verb 〔 动词〕+Object 〔宾语 〕+ Complement〔补语〕这种句型中的 “宾语 + 补语”统称为 “复合宾语 ”;宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等;担任补语的常常是名词、形容 词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;如:1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应当让屋子保持洁净洁净;(形容词)2) We made him our monitor.〔名词〕我们选他当班长;3) His father told him not to play in the street.〔不定式 〕他父亲告知他不要在街上玩;● 常见的动词有 : tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等;● 留意:动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watc等h补时,不带 to;如:后面所接的动词不定式作宾1) The boss made him do the work all day老.板让他成天做那项工作;2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上;在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多;后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情形的, 宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语; 这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,由于复合宾语的构成内容较多;下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语;1.He found his new job boring.〔形容词做宾补 〕 2.They called their daughter Mary.〔名词做宾补 〕3. This placed her in a very difficult position.〔介词短语做宾补 〕4. We went to her house but found her out.副〔 词做宾补 〕5. What do you advise me to do?〔不定式做宾补 〕 6.We thought him to be an honest man.〔tobe做。
