
高考英语单项选择题如何设置干扰项.doc
3页第 1 页 共 3 页单项选择题如何设置干扰项1. 设置词性相同,但意思不同的单词往往不同的词有不同的搭配,出题人利用学生死记短语的习惯设置相关项进行干扰这种题需要考生着重注意句义和词义例如:( 1 ) Hardly could he ________ this amount of work in such a short time. (2007 天津)A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down (A)本题考查四个由 get 组成的动词短语,但意思有区别,考生需要根据题干的意思去选用恰当的短语从句意分析:他在这么短的时间内很难完成这么多的工作而 get through 有“完成,通过,用完,接通”之意 2 ) He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. (2007 北京)A. any B. some C. few D. many (C)本题考查四个不定代词做主语,但肯否定不同,few 表否定;some, many 表肯;any 用于肯定句时表示三者以上的任何一个。
根据句中的转折词 but,空格处应为否定3)_______ I don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007 山东)A.As B. Since C.If D.While ( D) 四个词都是从属连词,词性不必考虑,注意力应放在意思上,这里选 while(尽管,虽然)4)It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished . A. for B. with C. from D. of ( B )学生往往死记短语 die from 死于(外部原因) ;die of(死于疾病) ;die for( 为…而死) ,出题人抓住了学生这种心理,设置了干扰项 of,from,for ,其实题目要表达:没有完成他的著作就死去了With 在这里是复合结构2. 设置词义相同,但形式不同的单词形式有动词的不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、动词时态、名词的单数或复数、形容词的比较级或最高级、代词的格等考生需要根据题干意思判断哪一种形式符合语境。
1) ---The last one __________________ pays the meal. ---Agreed! (2007 天津)A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving (C)从四个选项可以看出,横线处的意思不必考虑,肯定是“到达” ,但需要考虑用何种形式或搭配,先行词被序数词修饰时用不定式作后置定语2) To save class time, our teacher has _______ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. (2007 湖南)A. us B. we C. our D. ours (A)从四个选项可以看出,横线处考查人称代词格的形式,即主格、宾格、形容词性或名词性物主代词Our students 可以做 has 的宾语,但与我们的身份不一致所以此处填us,students 做同位语。
3)---- I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow . ---- You _____ her last week . A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told ( D )四个选项都是“告诉” ,不必考虑横线处意思,但需要判断“什么时间告诉?” 、 “被告诉?”“告诉别人”还是有别的语气?从上文可以看出 ,后者在埋怨前者“上星期就应当告诉她”所以用 should have told 3. 设置词序不同的选项考生需要按语言知识判断正确词序1) We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. (2007 全国 I)A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with第 2 页 共 3 页C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with (B)从 A 、B 、C、D 四个选项中可以看出词的顺序不同,所以思维目标应定在句型结构上,此句为条件状语从句的省略,正确的结构应为 if/when/unless…+(not)+V-ing/V-ed。
2 ) Little _______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (2007 安徽)A. he realized B. he didn't realize C. didn't he realize D. did he realize (D)从四个选项中得知,此题为词序问题,有的是正常词序,有的是倒装,注意力集中到题干中是否有否定意义的词打头,这里 little 在句首,所以,用倒装形式,故选择 D4. 设置近义词干扰近义词虽然意思相近,但往往用法上有区别,考生可以从用法或搭配上加以判断1) One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________. (2007 天津)A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges 四个都是名词,所以要考虑搭配和词义,这里 cover 与 expenses 连用,cover my living expenses 意思为:“够支付我的生活费用了 ”。
(2)---- How do you _______ we go to Beijing for our holidays?----- I think we’d better fly there . It’s much more comfortable . A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest ( D )从四个选项中可以看出,四个词意思不同,但都是动词,这种情况应注意横线处需要的意思,另外还要注意句中的特殊语言现象,这里有 we go to Beijing, 相当于 we should go to Beijing, should 被省掉了四个词中 insist 和 suggest 可以与 should do 结构连用,should 可以省略但 insist 表示“硬要做 …,坚持说”所以,只有 suggest 可以填入横线处5. 设置不同的词,使结构发生变化进行干扰考生首先去掉附加成分、独立成分等,单词或短语归位,需要搞清题干要讲什么意思,需要什么结构例如:(1)It was with great joy _______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found . A. because B. which C. since D. that ( D ) 此题考查学生对句型结构的辨认,如果选择 since 或 because ,引导状语从句,如果选择 which 或 that ,则引导定语从句,如果选择 that 还有一种可能,是强调句型,当 it is (was )在句首时,应首先怀疑是强调结构,然后加以判断。
判断方法是把 it is ( was )…… that ……强调结构去掉,如果漏出一个成分完整的句子,证明是强调句型的句子,如果去掉之后不是一个完整的句子,则不是强调句型,应考虑定语从句或 it 做人称代词表示时间、距离、天气的情况此句去掉 it was…that ….之后,漏出 with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found .是一句成分完整的句子,所以,判断此句是一个强调句 2 ) What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it . A. the way B. in the way C. in a way D. the way which ( A )此题给出四个不同的短语,不论填入其中哪一个 ,句型结构都会有变化添入 the way, way 与 what he said 对等,由 but 连接,way 后的 he said it 是 way 的定语从句;填入 in the way, but 前后结构不能构成并列;填入 in a way 也是如此;填入 the way which,but 前后可以构成并列,但 which 不能引导此类定语从句。
3 ) _______ straight on and you’ll see a church . You won’t miss it . A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going ( A ) 从四个选项中可以看出,此题是在考查句子结构问题,C 项可考虑条件状语从句;B 项第 3 页 共 3 页或 D 项可考虑分词短语做状语;而 A 项则考虑祈使句这里有 and 连接前后各一个句子,所以,选择 A6. 不同口语表达方式的干扰考生需要判断句子表达的意思,需要什么样的口语表达方式例如:( 1 ) —Have you been wasting time on computer games again? — ________. I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break. (2007 山东)A.No way B.Not really C.I don’t agree D.I couldn’t agree more (B)从 I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break. 一句可以看出,我一直学习来着现在玩电脑需要休息一下,所以并不是一直在玩游戏。
四个选项中 no really 表示“不完全是” ( 2 ) ------ Go for a picnic this weekend , OK ?------ _________ . I love getting close to nature . A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I don’t think so ( A ) 这里需要选项 A, I couldn’t agree more ,意思为:我再同意不过设置了 I’m afraid not (我恐怕不行);I believe not (我相信不行);I don’t 。
