高中定语从句知识结构图解.doc

图解定语从句 概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任， 也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句 ①指人的先行词 ⒈ 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ②指物的先行词 ★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 先行词 (which替代前面所叙述的事情) ① 替代前面的先行词 （替代作用） 关系词的作用 ② 连接主句和定语从句 （连接作用） ③ 在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） 定语从句 “三要素” ⒉关系词: 引导定语的词 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系词的分类 关系代词：在从句中做 主,宾，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) ⒊ 定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。

① 限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用 定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 定语从句 ② 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 的分类 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) 语 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) 从 He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons) 句 定语从句几个难点 ①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) ②关系代词在定语从句中作表语 ⒈关系代词的省略 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) 限定性定语从句 ③ 关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略 比较: Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此时只能用which且不能省略） ① 以疑问词who开头的句子中 Who is the man that is shouting there? ② 关系代词在从句中作表语时 用that的情况 She is not the girl that she used to be. ③ 先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for. ⒉先行词是人 that/who的区别 ①行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. ②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that, 另外一个用who 用who的情况 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? ③在there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him. ④ 在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study. ①在非限定性定语从句中. She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. ②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语. The pen with which you write is Jack’s. 用which的情况 ③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句, 一个关系词用that,另一个用which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. ①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much, ⒊先行词是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等 that / which She did all that she could to help us. 的区别 ②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, 。