中医药翻译技巧知识分享.ppt

第四章 中医名词术语的翻译及其规范化,,中医名词术语翻译中存在的问题,译语混乱 三焦：three warmers/heaters/burners triple energizer 译语冗长 八纲辨证：analysis and diagnosis of pathological conditions in accordance with the eight principal syndromes; differential diagnosis in accordance with the eight principal syndromes 释义不明 金实不鸣：solid bell cant ring (nonsense) excess of the lung qi causing hoarseness,中医名词术语的翻译原则,自然性原则 所谓“自然性原则”，指的是翻译的中医名词术语应是译入语中自然的对等语 净腑：hollow organ for cleansing bladder 髓海：sea of marrow brain,中医名词术语的翻译原则,简洁性原则 中医用语的突出特点是简明扼要，译名亦应保持这一特点。

所谓信息密度，指的是在计算机记忆中储存的单位信息所占用的空间越小，运载这一单位信息的词的信息密度就越高；一单位信息从发送者到接受者所需要的时间越少，运载这一单位信息的词的信息密度就越高中医名词术语的翻译原则,民族性原则 中医学在思想原则、概念范畴等方面都有自身独到的规定性；在观念系统、理论系统与操作系统方面，都有与现代医学强烈的不可通约性所以就文化特征而言，中医学还只是中华民族特有的医学体系，因而具有鲜明的民族性中医名词术语的翻译原则,回译性原则 “回译性”指的是英译的中医名词术语在结构上应与中文形式相近，这样在中医药的国际交流中，就能较好地实现信息的双向传递 对回译性的追求以不影响信息的再现为前提 受盛之腑：hollow organ in charge of reception small intestine 传导之官：official in charge of transportation large intestine,中医名词术语的翻译原则,规定性原则 “规定性”指的是对中医名词术语的译语在内涵上加以规定，使其不能另有解释 辩证：syndrome differentiation,中医名词术语翻译的基本方法,比照西医法 女子胞 uterus 髓海 brain 水谷之海 stomach 水气 edema 水臌 ascites 石蛾 chronic tonsilitis 词素翻译法,中医名词术语翻译的基本方法,简洁法 伤寒 exogenous febrile diseases typhoid (fever) 针灸 acupuncture and moxibustion acumoxi DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸) RNA (ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸) CT (computed tomography 电子计算机横断层扫描) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging 核磁共振成像),中医名词术语翻译的基本要求,阴阳学说方面 yinyang doctrine or yinyang theory doctrine: 1. beliefs and teachings of a church（教旨，教义） e.g. the doctrine that the pope is infallible 2. 用来指科学的“学说”或非宗教的理论或主义 e.g. the Monroe doctrine the doctrine of evolution theory: explanation of the general principles of an art or science (contrasted with practice): 原理、理论（与实践相对而言）,,阴阳学说方面 阴生阳长：yang growing while yin flourishing 阳杀阴藏：yang receding while yin concealing 阴阳消长：intertransformation/intermetamorphoses between yin and yang 阴平阳秘：yin and yang in equilibrium/balance 阴阳失调：imbalance/disorder of yin and yang 阴不抱阳：yin failing to maintain/sustain yang 阴阳离决：separation/dissociation of yin and yang 阴胜则阳病：yin excess causing yang deficiency hyper-yin causing hypo-yang 阴损及阳：yin-consumption involving yang 阴阳自和：reequilibrium between yin and yang/rebalanced yin and yang 阴阳两虚：deficiency of both yin and yang 阴阳胜复：alternative preponderance/predorminance between yin and yang 重阴必阳：extreme yin causing/generating yang 重阳：doubled yang/superposed yang,,五行学说方面 五行学说：theory of five elements 相生相克：inter-generation and inter-restriction 相乘相侮：inter-subjugation and verse restriction 制化：restriction and generation 母病及子：maternal disease involving its offspring 子盗母气：offspring disease involving its mother 木喜条达：liver bearing no depression 木郁化火：liver depression generating fire 木火邢金：liver fire impairing lung/hepatopyrexia impairing lung 火性炎上：fire tending to flare/flame 火不生土：kidney yang/nephroyang failing to warm the spleen 金寒水冷：cold/frigid lung and kidney 水火相济：coordination between kidney and heart renal and cardiac coordination 五运六气：five movements and six climates,,脏象学说方面 脏象：state of viscera, visceral manifestation 脏象学说：theory of visceral manifestation 脏腑：zang and fu, viscera 五脏六腑：five zangs and six fus 藏而不泻：storage without excretion 泻而不藏：excretion without storage 心包络：pericardium 三焦：triple energizer, sanjiao 命门：mingmen, the gate of life/vitality, vital gate, vitaport 奇恒之腑：extraodinary fus,,脏象学说方面 脉：vessel, pulse 宗脉：converging meridians, assembled meridians 胞衣：placenta 空窍：hollow orifices 七冲门：seven important portals 四海：four convergence 心主神明：heart controlling the mind 心合小肠：the heart associated with the small intestine 心开窍于舌：the heart reflected on the tongue the heart is (as) the signal orifices of the tongue 心，其华在面：the heart flourishing on the face,。