现在完成时讲解与练习.doc

现在完成时1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 或从过去已经开 始，持续到现在的动作或状态2. 时间状语：recently, lately, since …for …,in the past few years, etc.3. 基本结构： have/has + done 4. 否定形式： have/has + not +done.5. 一般疑问句：have或has提前6. 它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need . 到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料She has read 150 pages today . 她今天已看了 150 页2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army . 他参军五年了1） 一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的 语言环境。

例如：He speaks English . （一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性He spoke English when he was in New Zealand . （一般过去时，说明动 作发生的时间He is speaking English. （现在进行时，说明动作正在进行He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA. （现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和2） 在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语 动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时； 如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时 来表示过去将来时例如： I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3） 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中这类动 词常见的有： be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem ,smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。

4） 关于现在完成时的时间状语问题常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not …yet , always 等等B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时另外，ago不能用于现 在完成时的句子里， 因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间， 属于表示具体过去 时间的状语但是可以用 before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示 "以前"， 而不知什么时候的以前C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以 for 表（1） since（用现在完成时：自从） ：不管用作介词、连词还是副词 , 句子（ 主句） 谓语通常都I haven 't seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未He has joined the army for five years. (错误)It has been five years since he joined the army. (正确)能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词 just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：见过她自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去示的"一段时间"的状语连用。

在这种情况下，应该用"It has been…；since… " 的句式来表达如：Where have you been since I last saw? 了?到现在为止还没有什么坏消息 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何… years（ 在过去…年中 ） ：(2) so far( 到目前为止 ) ：So far there has been no bad news. We haven't had any trouble so far. 麻烦3) in [for, during] the past [last]过去两年我很少见到他 最近一个月里我都在这In the past two years I 've seen him little.I have been here (for) the last [past] month.儿到现在为止这工作还算容易 到现在为止我还没有听到他… （ 第一次… ） ：(4) up to [until] now( 到现在为止 ) ：Up to now, the work has been easy.I have heard nothing from him up to now. 点音信。

5) It 's [will be] the first time thatIt 's the first time Ive come here. 这是我第一次来这儿现在完成时练习、单项选择what's1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they happened to him .A. knew B . have knownC. must knowD .will know2、He hasbeen to Shanghai , has heA . already B .never C .ever3、Have you met Mr Li ？D. stillA . just B . agoC .before D . a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two yearA . is writing B .was writing C .wrote D .has written 5、-Our country a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even .A. has changed ; well C . has changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan alreadywas ; studyingB . changed ; goodD . changed ; better in this school for two years . B . will ; studyA.C . has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B . had known C . have known D. knew 8 、HarryPotter is a very nice film.I it twice .A . will seeB . have seen C . saw D .see9、 -These farmershave been to the United States .-Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they goB . did they goC . do they goD . have they gone10、 - you ___ your homework yet ?-Yes . I it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B . Have ; done ; finishedC . Have ; done ; have finished D . will ; do ; finish三、汉译英4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、 她去过6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？过去完成时态讲解与练习定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、 事情 它表示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作， 只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使 用过去完成时构成：① 基本形式 : had + 过去分词如 :We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶② 否定形式 : had + not + 过去分词如 :They hadn 't finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时 , 他们还没有完成工作③ 一般疑问句形式 : had 提到句首 , 回答用 Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn 't. 如 :— Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?—Yes, he had. (No, he hadn 't.) 是的 , 他告诉了 ( 不 , 他没有 )用法：1、 用在"after / before / when + 过去时态从句”或有"by+过去时间”的句子中 。

例如： by then, by\ before nine o 'clock yesterday, by the end of last year,by the age of twen ty, by the time I arrived …Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.在我回到家前 , 妈妈已经把饭做好了2、 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去 时例如： When I returned home, my guest had already left.I did not see the film because I had seen it before.3、 常用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中 . 如 told, said, knew, heard, thought, asked 等动词后的宾语从句 例如：My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 书了Shesaid爸爸问我是否读完那本(that)He asked what I had said. 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别： 现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果 1. 单项选择shehadneverbeentoParis.1． He askedmeA. wherebeen2。