宋代知县、县令监察制度述论（The county magistrate county magistrate and supervision system in Song Dynasty）.doc

宋代知县、县令监察制度述论（The county magistrate, county magistrate and supervision system in Song Dynasty）Abstract: in Chinas feudal bureaucratic politics, the county regime plays a cornerstone role, and the normal functioning of the county regime can not be separated from a sound county level supervision system. Through the inspection, the ruler can better control the magistrate, and has the support of the people. The rulers of the Song Dynasty established a multi-channel and strict supervisory system to control the power of the county officials. The county level supervision system has the characteristics of strictness, pertinence and restriction, and it is not of reference value to the construction of county regime at present. But the county supervision system also has obvious shortcomings and lessons, is worth a warning today.Key words: Song Dynasty; county magistrate; supervision system;CLC number: K2Document identifier: AArticle number: 1007 - 905X (2008) 02 - 0141 - 03In the feudal autocratic society of China, the rulers of the past dynasties attached great importance to the local supervision system. Although the bottom of the county government is located in a large bureaucratic system, but its role can not be underestimated, is the cornerstone of the role of the supervision system is the most direct, the ruler can more effectively strengthen the control of the magistrate, they prevent corruption, but also the meaning and can smoothly access to the people. The effective supervision of county regime can guarantee the normal operation of the county government machinery and maintain the stability and stability of local political power. In Song Dynastys supervisory system, the academic circle has given more attention from different angles, especially professor Jia Yuying wrote the song "supervision system" are discussed deeply on it, but the county magistrate and county magistrate supervision system not specifically discusses. So far, the special research findings of county level supervisory system in Song Dynasty have not been seen yet. Therefore, this paper tries to make a preliminary study of county level supervision system in Song dynasty.A sentence of the Song Dynasty, the provincial, county magistrate, county magistrate and supervisionThe Song Dynasty on the county magistrate and county magistrate supervision is a variety of channels, not only by the provincial, county magistrate, county magistrate sentence of supervision, but also by the mayors supervision.Road level monitoring mechanism of the Song Dynasty, including the transport department, tidianxingyusi, lifting Changping secretary, referred to as the department.The Song Dynasty palace, state and military, supervision level watchdog is sentence office. Not only to monitor the sentence office office, state, military, prison level officials, but also by county officials observed in this area. The road level inspector, state, and army, prison officer, magistrate supervision level supervision functions of the county magistrate.(1) Department of county magistrate, county magistrate and supervisionThe Song Dynasty is the provincial peoples government, and government officials. When it comes to function, it has dual functions of administration and supervision.1. according to official duties. AndThe Song Dynasty rulers duties for taking bribes and, where the requirements are "greedy officials voiced slow relaxation, named to smell". As the year of Renzong Boyuanji (1039) August, the imperial transport Deputy Judge suobu to 100 days, if men have made dirty, "Miss press for the crime". Zong Ning Jiading two years (1209) May "Ji Zhu Lu Dahir Shou Ling of Tancan who".According to impeach corrupt magistrate, county magistrate is one of the important functions of the Department. Such as the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing years, Ruichang county magistrate "bully his", by the Jiangxi transit magistrate Chen Tuo checks and pointed out.At the same time, the Department of county magistrate, county magistrate duties are responsible for reporting function. As Zong Xining four years (1071 March): Zhao Hebei and Beijing Road Transport Department and the tidianxingyusi, police magistrate, prison sentence, his troops, who patrol, county magistrate and county magistrate, not duty to smell". Yuanfeng year (1078) June, Jingdong road flood, the provincial court to visit the disaster, and played the "county magistrate is not capable".2. police violations of tax.The land tax levy taxes, ensuring the national revenue is the primary task of the county government, vice versa in Song dynasty. The magistrate if illegal tax, not only will the class contradiction, but also directly affects the feudal government tax, so the Song Dynasty rulers to repeatedly proclamations, illegal behavior monitoring Chahe magistrate in our tax in. Such as the emperor Shaoxing ten years (1140) in September, the county people pay taxes, bl。