英语专业四级考试 语法词汇知识.ppt

v 英语专业四级考试语法词汇知识v 考试特点v1．语法考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到 ：几乎所有词类；动词的三种非谓语形式；各 种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气 、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒 装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识￿v2．语法考试的重点突出，语法考试的重点为 内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出 现，如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独 立主格，情态动词￿v3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法， 不常用的情况语法部分v虚拟语气：vwould rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；vIt is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／ advisable／ natural ／ essential＋that＋动词原形；vIt is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般 过去时；vproposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；vlest＋that＋should＋动词原形；vif only＋that＋would＋动词原形。

v状语从句：v非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once 等来替代if；v由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步 状语从句；vjust／hardly.when引导的时间状语从句；vmore than，as.as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句 v独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出￿v情态动词多与完成时形式连用￿v定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which） 和as作为关系代词v动词时态常考完成时态，如现在完成时，现在 完成进行时，过去完成时，过去完成进行时， 将来完成时等￿词汇部分v掌握教学大纲中的基础阶段5000—6000个认知 词汇，并且能熟练运用其中3000-4000个单词及 其最基本的搭配其考查重点为：￿￿v1．动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to ；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。

￿v2．习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing； be supposed to／have／ make sb．＋do等￿v3．由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go， set，break，put等构成的短语￿v4．单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多 以近义词、同义词的形式出现￿v5．介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of； with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应 注意rather than，other than，such as，none ／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现￿语法和词汇的复习思路：v1．全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个项目 中的“偏，特，难”点￿v2．掌握常用习惯用法和词组v3．注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次 上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题v4．研究以往考试试题，多加练习记住典型题 例 名词v1. 近义词与形近词辨析 (also in 完形填空)e.g. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n)___ of learning.A. design B. instrument C. agency D. tool2. 固定搭配 (also in 完形填空)e.g. When he first started in university, he really felt at ____ with his major.A. shore B. bank C. ocean D. seav3. 集体名词\物质名词的数：主谓一致v 1)通常作复数的集体名词：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等 Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hid￿v 2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词如: machineryIt takes ___ to build a roadA. a lot of machine B. a lot of machinery C. much machines D. much machineries￿v 3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词如: audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等 ￿The city council ___ meeting to discuss the point.A. is B. are C. was D. werev4) a committee,etc. of +复数名词￿如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用 单数。

￿ A committee of five men and three women____ consider the matter. A. is to B. are to C. were to D. be to5) 物质名词转化为个体名词时，不可数Cake is a kind of food蛋糕是一种食物Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners.A. is B. are C. were D. be6)合成名词的数：grown-ups,passers-by7)名词修饰名词：women teachers, baby bedsv4. 倍数+the+名词 ￿The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. peter’s in Rome.A. / B. that of C. which is D. ofv5. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体 积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语 用单数Ten miles ____ in such a large city.A. are not a long distanceB. is not a long distanceC. is not long distanceD. are not long distances6. 与冠词的搭配___ London of Dicken’s time come to ___ in his books.A. The, / B. /,/ C. /, the D. The,the代词v 1.与所指代的名词在性、数、格上一致如：Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from ____ effect.Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater emplyment, will publish ___proposals in the near future.A. their B. our C. his D. itsv other, another, the other, others,the onesv2. that/those 的指代作用 1) 比较结构that of:His salary as a bus driver is much higher____.A. in comparison with a teacher’s B. than that of a teacher C. than a teacher D. than of a teacher’s2) that 指代上文提到的内容The following are all correct answers to “Who told the news to the teacher?” except___.A. Jim did this B. Jim did that C. Jim did so D. Jim did.I don't want to use Mary's ball pen because I don't like___.A) that ball pen of hers B) that her ball penC) her that ball pen D) that ball pen of herEngland is justly proud of___ great poets, especially ___ in the 18th century.A) her,they B) his,them C) its,that D) its,those“Jack certainly has a low opinion of Susan.”It can not be any worse than ____ of him.A) hers B) she does C) her D) shev3.one的指代作用one指代不确指的单数可数名词，复数为ones。

the one 指代确指的单数可数名词如：A good writer is ___ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.A ) that B) one C) this D) which4. 人称代词顺序2-3-1____ have known each other for ten years.A) I, you and he B) He, you and I.C) You, he and I D) You, he and me.5. some 指某一个+单数名词：some Mr. Wang is形容词与副词v1. 词义辨析On the road motorists should be ___ towards cyclists.A. considerable B. considering C. consideratev2. 固定搭配 Obviously, his remarks at the conference were ____ and not planned.A. substantial B. spontaneous C. simultaneous D. syntheticv3.前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以至于冠词前的形容词（all/both/such/half) --冠词 ，指示形容词(this/that)，所有格形容词(his/her)，不 定形容词(a few/many/any/some)--基数词（one ) 序 数词（first)--- 性质，状态，质量（good useful)--大小 ，长短，形状---年龄，新旧，温度--颜色---国籍，产 地，区域--材料--动名词，分词 Which of the following is incorrect?A. All his lectures were boring. B. Her few friends are all fond of dancingC. Half his money was gone.D. He invited man。