常见医学英语词汇.ppt

Common Combining Forms, Prefixes and Suffixes Chapter 3Abdomin/o •abdomen–abdominocentesis[æb.dɔminəsen'ti:sis]–abdominoscopy[æb.dɔmi'nɔskəpi] •-scopy = process of viewing using an endoscope.Acr/o •extremities, top, extreme point–acrophobia[.ækrə'fəubiə]•The suffix –phobia means an intense–acromegaly[.ækrə'megəli]Acu/o •sharp, severe, sudden–acute[ə'kju:t] –adenoma[.ædə'nəumə] Aden/o• gland–adenoma[.ædə'nəumə]–adenovirus [ə.di:nəu'vairəs] Agor/a•marketplace–agoraphobia[.ægərə'fəubiə]•A morbid fear of open spaces.Amni/o•amnion–amniocentesis[.æmniəusen'ti:sis] •-centesis = surgical puncture.–amniotic [.æmni'əutik] Angi/o•blood vessel–angioplasty[.ændʒiəu'plæsti] –angiogenesis[.ændʒiəu'dʒenisis]Arteri/o•artery–arteriosclerosis [ɑ:'tiəriəuskliə'rəusis]–arteriovenous[ɑ:'tiərɪəυ'viːnəs]Arthr/o•joint–arthroplasty['a:zrə.plæsti]– arthrosis[ɑ:'θrəusis] •The suffix –osis means abnormal condition or state.Axill/o•armpit–axillo-thoracic flap •The combining form thorac/o means chest.–axilla [æk'silə] Blephar/o–blepharospasm[ˌblefərəuˈspæzm] – blepharoptosis[.blefərəp'təusis]•The suffix –ptosis means prolapseBronch/o•bronchial tubes–bronchiole [ˈbrɔŋkiəul]•The suffix –ole means small or tiny.–bronchitis [brɑ:ŋ'kaitis] Carcin/o•cancer–carcinogen[kɑ:'sinədʒən]•The suffix –sis means process, stage, or condition, and the suffix –genesis means forming.Carp/o•wrist bones –carpus ['kɑ:pəs]–carpal [ˈkɑ:pəl]Chem/o•drug, chemical–chemotherapy[.keməu'θerəpi] –chemical['kemikəl]•The suffix –ical means pertaining to.Chondr/o•cartilage–chondrocyte[kʌdrɔsit]•The suffix –cyte means cell.–chondrolysis[kɔn'drɔlisis] •The suffix –lysis means breaking down, decomposition.Chron/o•time–chronological ['krɔnə'lɔdʒikəl] –chronic['krɔnik]Cib/o•meals–cibophobia [sibɔˈfəʊbi:ə] –cibarium[si'bɛəriəm] Cis/o•to cut–incision [in'siʒən] –excision [ek'siʒən]Col/o•colon (large intestine)–colorectal[kəulə'rektəl]–colitis[kəu'laitis] •inflammation of the colon.Cost/o•rib–costa l ['kɔstl]–costotomy [kəsˈtɔ:təmi] Cutane/o•skin–cutaneous[kju:'teiniəs]•The suffix –eous meams pertaining to.–cutaneolipectomy[kju:'teiniəuliˈpektəmi]•The suffix –lip/o means fat.Cyst/o•urinary bladder–cystography[sis'tɔgrəfi] •The suffix –graphy means the process of recording. –cystic ['sistik]Dactyl/o•fingers, toes–dactylogram[dæk'tiləgræm] •The suffix –gram means recording. –dactylitis[.dæktə'laitis]Duct/o•to lead, carry–abductor[æb'dʌktə]–adductor [əˈdʌktə] Encephal/o•brain–encephalomyelitis [en.sefələumaiə'laitis] Flex/o•to bend–flexor ['fleksə]–flexible ['fleksəbl]•The suffix –ible means capable of. Furc/o•forking, branching–furcate ['fə:keit]•The suffix –ate changes the word into verb.–furcal [ˈfə:kəl] Hydr/o •water, fluid–hydrophobia [.haidrə'fəubiə]–hydrotherapy [ˈhaidrəuˈθerəpi]Gloss/o•Tongue–glossal ['glɔsəl]•-al = pertaining to.–glossitis [glɔ'saitis]Glyc/o•sugar–glycosuria[.glaikəu'sjuəriə]•The combining form ur/o means urine.–glycoprotein[.glaikəu'prəuti:n]Immun/o•protection–immunity [i'mju:niti] •The suffix –ity means state or condition.–immunoglobulin[i'mju:nəu'glɔbjulin]Inguin/o• groin–inguinocutaneous [ˈɪŋɡwənəukjuˈteniəs]•The combining form –cutane/o means skin.–inguinal [ˈiŋɡwinl] regionIsch/o•to hold back–ischium ['iskiəm] –ischemia[is'ki:miə] •The suffix –emia means blood condition.Lapar/o•abdomen, abdominal wall–laparotomy[.læpə'rɔtəmi] •The suffix –tomy means cut into. –laparoscope ['læpərə.skəup]Laryng/o • larynx (voice box)–laryngopharygeal [lə'riŋgəufə'rindʒiəl] •The combining form pharyng/o means pharynx (throat).–laryngeal [lə'rindʒiəl]–laryngectomy [ˌlærinˈdʒektəmi]•The suffix –ectomy means surgical removal.Lymph/o •lymph–lymphocyte ['limfəsait]–lymphoid['limfɔid]•The suffix –oid means resembling.Mamm/o • breas–mammography[mə'mɔgrəfi] –mammogenic[mæmə'dʒenik] hormoneMast/o •breast–mastectomy[mæs'tektəmi]–mastodynia [ˌmæstəˈdiniə] •The suffix –dynia means pain.Morph/o•shape, form–morphological [.mɔ:fə'lɔdʒikəl] –morphocytology [ˈmɔ:fəsaiˈtɔlədʒi] •Cyt/o = cell, -logy = study. The whole word means study the shape of cells.–morphology[mɔ:'fɔlədʒi]Mort/o•death–mortality [mɔ:'tæliti]•Death rate.–postmortal[pəust'mɔ:təl]•The prefix post- means before.–premortal [pri:ˈmɔ:təl] Muc/o• mucus–mucoid ['mju:kɔid] cell•-oid = resembling.–mucocutaneous [ˈmju:kəukju:ˈteinjəs]•Cutaneous = pertaining to skin.My/o •muscle–myocardial[.maiə'kɑ:diəl] •The combining form cardi/o means the heart.–myoma [mai'əumə] •A benign tumor composed of muscle tissue.Myel/o•spinal cord bone marrow–myeloma [.maiə'ləumə]–myelocyte[.maiələusait]•An immature leukocyte normally found in bone marrow.Nat/i•birth–postnatal [[ˈpəustˌneitil] –prenatal [pri:ˈneɪtl] Necr/o•death (of cells or whole body)–necrotic[ne'krɔtik] tissue•The suffix –tic means pertaining to.–necrosis[ne'krəusis] virus–necrocytosis [nekrəsaiˈtəusis] •-osis = abnormal condition.Nect/o•to bind, tie, connect–connective[kə'nektiv] tissueNephr/o • kidney–nephron['nefrɔn]–nephrology[ni'frɔlədʒi]Neur/o•nerve–neuron['njuərɔn]•A cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses.–neurological [.njuərə'lɔdʒikəl] Neutr/o•neutrophil–neutron ['nju:trɔn]–neutrocyte [ˈnju:trəsait] –neutrophil ['nju:trəfil] Norm/o•rule, order–normoglycemia['nɔ:məglai'si:miə] –normotensive [ˌnɔ:məuˈtensiv] •The suffix –tensive means pertaining to blood pressure.Ophthalm/o•eye–ophthalmology [.ɔfθæl'mɔlədʒi] –ophthalmoscope [ɔf'θælmə.skəup]Oste/o•bone–osteoarthritis [.ɔstiəuɑ:'θraitis]–osteotomy[.ɔsti'ɔtəmi]Ot/o •ear–otopharyngeal [.ɔtəfə'riŋʤiəl] tubes–otology[əu'tɔlədʒi] Ox/o•oxygen–carbon dioxide[dai'ɔksaid] •The prefix di- means two. –hypoxemia[.haipɔk'si:miə]•The prefix hypo- means less than normal. –emia = blood condition.Path/o •disease–pathology [pæ'θɔlədʒi] –pathogen['pæθədʒən] Peritone/o•peritoneum–peritoneocentesis[.peri.təuniəusən'tiːsis]–peritoneoplasty [.peri'təuniəu.plæsti]Phag/o•to eat, swallow–phagocyte['fægəsait]– phagosome ['fægəsəum] •The suffix –some means body.Phleb/o•vein–phlebitis[fli'baitis] –phlebotomist [fli'bɔtəmist]Plas/o •formation, development–aplasia [əˈpleiziə]•The prefix a- means without and the suffix –ia means condition.Pleur/o•pleura–pleuroperitoneal['pluərəuperitə'ni:əl]–pleural['plurə] Pneumon/o• lungs–pneumonosis [nju:mə'təusis]–pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]Pulmon/o•lungs–pulmonary ['pʌlmənəri] •The suffix –ary means pertaining to.–pulmonology[.puːlmə'nɔləʤi]Pub/o•pubis–pubofemoral ['pju:bəuˈfemərəl]–pubococcygeus ['pju:bəu kɔkˈsidʒiəs] muscleRect/o• rectum–recto ['rektəu] -vaginal[və'dʒainəl] fistula–rectal ['rektəl]Ren/o •kidney–renal['ri:nəl] failure–renography [ri:ˈnɔɡrəfi]Sarc/o •flesh–sarcoma [sɑ:'kəumə]–sarcoplasmic ['sɑ:kəu.plæzəmik] proteinSeps/o•infection–antisepsis [.ænti'sepsis] •The prefix anti- means against.–antiseptic [.ænti'septik]Somn/o•sleep–insomnia [in'sɔmniə]–somnolence['sɔmnələns] •Sleepy, drowsy.Son/o•sound–ultrasonography[ʌltrəsə'nɔgrəfi]•The prefix ultra- means beyond. –graphy = process of recording.Splen/o •spleen–splenomegaly[.spli:nəu'megəli] •The suffix –megaly means abnormal enlargement. –splenalgic [spliˈnældʒik]•The combining form alg/o means pain.Staphyl/o• clusters–staphylococcal [stæfiləu'kɔkəl] bacteria•The suffix –coccal means pertaining to coccus which is a spherical bacterium. –staphylococcus [.stæfilə'kɔkəs]Strept/o•twisted chains–streptococcal [.streptə'kɔkəl]–streptomycin [ˌstreptəˈmaɪsɪn]•The suffix –mycin means antibiotics, usually fungal derivatives.The/o•to put, place–synthesis ['sinθisis]•The prefix syn- means together. Thel/o•nipple–epithelial [.epi'θi:liəl]cell•The prefix epi- means above.–thelorrhagia[θi:lə'reidʒiə] •The suffix –rrhagia means an abnormal or excessive flow or discharge.Thorac/o•chest–thoracolumbar [θɔ:rəkəu'lʌmbə]•The combining form lumb/o means loin. –thoracentesis[θɔ:rəsen'ti:sis]Thromb/o • clot–thrombocyte['θrɔmbəsait]•Platelet, essential for blood clotting.–thrombolytic [θrɔmbəu'litik]drug•-lytic = break down, dissolve.Thyr/o•thyroid–thyrotoxicosis ['θairəu.tɔksi'kəusis]–thyroglobulin [ˌθairəuˈɡlɔbjulin] Tonsill/o• tonsils–tonsillotomy [.tɔnsi'lɔtəmi] –tonsillectomy[.tɔnsi'lektəmi]Top/o•place, position, location–ectopic [ek'tɔpik]pregnancy _–The prefix ec-means out or outside.Tox/o•poison–toxic['tɔksik] –toxolysin [tɔksə'laisin]Trache/o •trachea, windpipe–tracheoesophageal ['treikiəui:sɔfə'dʒi:əl]–trachea ['treikiə]Urethr/o•urethra–urethrostenosis[juəri:θrəsti'nəusis]•The suffix –stenosis means narrowing.Ven/o• vein–venous ['vi:nəs] sinus–venodilation[vi:nəudai'leiʃən]。