拿破仑——英文ppt介绍.ppt

Napoleon’s Military Career,He was born in Corsica on August 15th, 1769, died on May 5th,1821. He is the most famous French military strategist and statesman. He is very famous because he found the French empire. He is the first French Emperor, Napoleon .,It is the long-term study and accumulation that created the military talent.,Napoleon got into the military academy when he was ten years old. He was laughed by other students because he was poor, incommunicative and arrogant. But he was very clever and diligent , and graduated with good grades after five years . In 1784, at the age of fifteen, Napoleon was allowed into the royal military academy for further study . He met other students’ contempt once again . However, he got rid of bad temper gradually . At the royal military academy, students generally took two or three years to acquire officer qualification, but Napoleon passed the exam at the end of the first year . It was 1785 when he was 16 years old. After graduating from the academy, Napoleon was sent to Artillery Regiment . In addition to performing official duties, he also studied by himself, especially about the military and political history . In order to improve his memory, he took the note every time he read books . He always made a research about Alexander, Hannibal and Caesar's life seriously. According to his own words, he usually worked for fifteen or sixteen hours a day . On July 10th, 1792, he was sent to the 4th Artillery Regiment and promoted as a captain. Not until 23 years old did he show a military talent.,War of the first Coalition——the first show In February 1793, Britain and some other countries made up the first coalition and occupied the Toulon and Corsica. In mid-september , Napoleon arrived in the Toulon warface and took over the artillery. But he found that the artillery ‘s strength was very weak . There are nothing here, no artillery ,no ammunition except for some no trained soldiers .,Preparation before the battle,First of all, he tried to collect all kinds of guns. In not long time, he got hundreds of large caliber guns and plenty of ammunition. He often lived with soldiers to influence and inspire them with his practical action and leadership. Soon he won the superior valued and appreciated, and he was promoted to the artillery colonel(炮兵上校).,Combat tactics,During the battle , Napoleon put forward that they should focus the forces on attacking the small Gibraltar at first . Then they pounded the British fleets anchored on the berth to cut off their connection with other enemies stationed in Toulon . In this way , even if the French only had a little strength, but also could capture Toulon quickly. Napoleon's battle plan, bold and innovative , showed his keen insight and rich imagination. Then Napoleon was appointed as Artillery deputy commander (炮兵副指挥) to siege the Toulon. It is the ordinary but great plan that affected and changed the whole process and outcome of the battle greatly . The geographical location with operational and tactical significance on the battlefield is very important for both sides . Who first realizes the value of it and acts decisively to seize it, then he can gain the initiative of the war . Apparently , Napoleon did it .,War of the second Coalition——smash the enemy's invasion,The second coalition(1799–1802) was the second attempt by European monarchs, led by Austria and Russia, to contain or eliminate Revolutionary France. And Napoleon Bonaparte led an expedition to Egypt in that time. By the1799, Napoleon had returned from Egypt, leaving his army behind, and took control of the army of France. In 1800, Napoleon took personal command of the army in Italy, and eventually won a victory at the Battle of Marengo against the Austrian general Michael Melas. Since then, The Treaty of Amiens between France and Britain began the longest break in the war between the two during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods.,War of the third and fourth Coalition——War molded the power,War of the third Coalition, spanning from 1803 to 1806, saw the defeat of an alliance of Austria, Portugal, Russia, and others by France and its client states under Napoleon I. In May 1803, Britain declared war on France. In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor of the French. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, He turned the armies of France against every major European power and dominated continental Europe through a series of military victories.,,War of the fourth Coalition ,Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians in a fighting campaign that culminated at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt on 14 October 1806. French forces under Napoleon occupied Prussia, pursuing the remnants of the shattered Prussian Army, and captured Berlin on October 25 1806, then moved all the way to East Prussia, Poland and the Russian frontier, where they fought an inconclusive battle against the Russians at Eylau in February 1807. Napoleon's advance on the Russian frontier was briefly c。