
高中英语基础知识回顾名词数词副词动词.doc
19页英语基础知识考前回顾之一 名词的单复数变化英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式表示一个用单数,表示两个或两个以上用复数复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化 1. 名词复数的规则变化 1) 一般在名词词尾加s;结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]◆ map—maps地图 bike—bikes自行车 cow---cows 奶牛以t, d结尾的名词加后辍-s,读[ts]和[dz]goat—goats 山羊 bird—birds鸟 2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es;读[iz] ◆box—boxes盒子 class—classes班级 watch—watches手表 dish-dishes盘,碟子3) 以o结尾的名词后面加s或es, 读[z]◆photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园 piano-pianos钢琴 kangaroo-kangaroos 袋鼠 tomato—tomatoes西红柿 potato—potatoes土豆 heroes英雄4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es, 读[z]◆baby—babies婴儿 family—families家庭 library—libraries图书馆 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s,读[z]◆boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具 5) 以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为ves,读[vz]◆knife—knives小刀 wife—wives妻子 leaf—leaves树叶 有一些单词以f结尾直接加s◆roof—roofs屋顶 chief---chiefs族长;酋长;首领;主管人员2. 名词变复数的不规则变化 1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如: an Englishman2 / 19, two Englishmen 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans 2) 单复数同形 如: deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese li, jin, yuan, two li, three mu, four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式如: one yuan, two yuanone dollar, two dollars, one pound , two pounds, one franc, two francs3) 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数 如: people, police, cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people, a police, a cattle, 但可以说 a person, a policeman, a head of cattle (a people一个民族)the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如: The Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的 4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: ① maths, politics, physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数 ② news 是不可数名词 ③ the United States, the United Nations 应视为单数 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的 ④ 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses 眼镜 sandals凉鞋 trousers裤子 pants 短裤 clothes衣服 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套)a pair of glasses一副眼镜,a pair of sandals一双凉鞋6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼英语基础知识考前回顾之二形容词变副词规律小结 ◆ 规则变化范围变化规则例词大部分形容词加lycareless----carelesslyquiet----quietlydifferent----differently以le结尾的形容词变le为lypossible----possiblyterrible----terriblycomfortable----comfortablygentle----gentlysimple----simply以辅音字母y结尾的形容词 把y改为i再加lyeasy----easilyangry----angrilynoisy----noisilyhappy----happilyheavy----heavilyhealthy----healthily◆ 不规则变化本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变fast----fastearly----earlyhigh----highhard----hardlate----latefar----farwide----widealone----alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good----well以ue结尾的形容词先去掉e再加ly true----truly due---duly虽然以ly结尾,但却是形容词,不能直接用来修饰动词friendlylivelylovelylonelylikely有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式。
但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意wide—wide; widelyhigh—high; highlydeep—deep; deeplyclose—close; closely◆ 特别容易犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardhardhard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”,与hard无任何关系friendly无不能用friendly直接修饰动词,只能改成in a friendly way“用一种友好的方式”如:He smiled at me in a friendly way.excitedexcitedly 容易拼错healthyhealthily容易拼错politepolitely不用去掉字母e类似的词还有:widely, nicely, closely, 英语基础知识考前回顾之三 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种 1) 规则变化 ◆ 一般在动词原形后加-ed call—called, called open—opened, opened look—looked, looked①-ed在清辅音音素后 发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕后发音为[id]need—needed, needed cheat—cheated, cheated◆ 以-e结尾的动词加-d move—moved, moved phone—phoned, phoned hope—hoped, hopedagree—agreed, agreed ◆ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed study—studied, studied carry—carried, carried try—tried, tried◆ 以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play—played, played enjoy—enjoyed, enjoyed stay—stayed, stayed◆ 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop—stopped, stopped plan—planned, planned, fit—fitted, fitted但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed.◆ 以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-ed prefer—preferred, preferred refer—referred, referred2) 不规则变化 (见不规则动词变化表)英语基础知识考前回顾之四动词第三人称单数的变化规则一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
一、第三人称单数种类:1. 人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数如:① He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视② She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐③ It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫2. 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;用第三人称单数如:① Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲② Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都③ Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕3. 单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数如:① A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物② This book is yours. 这本书是你的③ That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的④ The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的4. 不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,第三人称单数。
① Everyone is here. 大家到齐了② There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病③ This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔 ④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦5. 不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数① The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在杯子里② The。












