On-National-Prejudices.ppt

论民族偏见 OliverGoldsmith 10November1728 4April1774 Goldsmith thesonofaclergyman aversatilewriterasapoet novelist dramatist essayist HewasoneoftherepresentativesofEnglishsentimentalism 感伤主义 inthe18thcentury Hisbirthdateandyeararenotknownwithcertainty AccordingtotheLibraryofCongress 国会图书馆 authorityfile hetoldabiographerthathewasbornon10November1728inIreland In1744GoldsmithwentuptoTrinityCollege Dublin 都柏林圣三一学院 Hewasgraduatedin1749asaBachelorofArts Andhetriedvariousprofessionswithoutsuccess Thenhestudiedmedicinedesultorily漫无目的地attheUniversityofEdinburghfrom1752to1755 Insteadoftakingadegree hewanderedforawhileonthecontinentvisitingHolland France Italy andSwitzerland buskingwithhisflute长笛 LifeofOliverGoldsmith HereturnedtoEnglandin1756withamysteriouslyacquiredM D 医学博士MedicineDoctor Perennially终年地indebtandaddictedtogambling Goldsmithproducedamassiveoutputasahackwriter雇佣文人forthepublishersofLondon HisfewpainstakingworksearnedhimthecompanyofSamuelJohnson withwhomhewasafoundingmemberof TheClub LifeofOliverGoldsmith LifeofOliverGoldsmith Hisprematuredeath 早逝 in1774mayhavebeenpartlyduetohisownmisdiagnosis误诊ofhiskidneyinfection 肾感染GoldsmithwasburiedinTempleChurch圣殿教堂inLondon SomeWorksofOliverGoldsmith Irishnovelist playwrightandpoetNovel TheVicarofWakefield 威克菲尔德牧师传 1766 Essays TheCitizenofTheWorld 世界公民 1762 Pastoralpoem田园诗 TheDesertedVillage 荒村 1770 Plays TheGood Natur dMan 好脾气的人 1768 andSheStoopstoConquer 委曲求全 1771 firstperformedin1773 SocialBackground 1763 theendofSevenYears War英法七年战争 1760s TheIndustrialRevolution英国工业革命 ThisarticlewaspublishedwhentheBritishcapitalismwasinboomyears MostofBritishpeoplelostthemselvesinnationalsuperiorityinthattheSevenYearsWarbetweenFranceandBritainendedwithBritain svictoryin1763andinthattheIndustrialRevolutionwasgoingonsmoothly Thenthenationalprejudicewastakingclearerandclearershape Goldsmitharguesthatitispossibletoloveone sowncountrywithouthatingthepeoplesofothercountries InsteadofcallinghimselfanEnglishman heclaimsthatheisacitizenoftheworld OnNationalPrejudices ParagraphOne AsIamoneofthatsaunteringtribeofmortals whospendthegreatestpartoftheirtimeintaverns coffeehouses andotherplacesofpublicresortSaunter vi 闲逛 漫步n 闲逛 漫步作为悠闲的芸芸众生中的一员 我大多数时间是在酒馆 咖啡厅或其它公共场所里打发的 Ihavetherebyanopportunityofobservinganinfinitevarietyofcharacters正因此 我才有机会来观察形形色色的人物 which toapersonofacontemplativeturn isamuchhigherentertainmentthanaviewofallthecuriositiesofartornature 这种娱乐方式对生性喜爱沉思的我而言 比欣赏艺术或自然界的奇妙更引人入胜 Inoneofthese mylaterambles Iaccidentallyfellintothecompanyofhalfadozengentlemen whowereengagedinawarmdisputeaboutsomepoliticalaffair Ramble n 漫步 漫游 随笔 vt 漫步于 vi 漫步 漫游 漫谈 闲逛 蔓延在最近一次闲逛中 我偶然碰见六位绅士 他们当时正在激烈地讨论政事 于是我便站在一边旁听 ParagraphTwo thedecisionofwhich astheywereequallydividedintheirsentiments theythoughtpropertorefertome whichnaturallydrewmeinforashareoftheconversation 由于意见不一 且双方支持人数相同 他们认为理应咨询我的看法 自然而然 我也加入了此次谈话 Inthethirdparagraph I llshowyousomeinterestingwords Thereareredwordsandyellowwords ParagraphThree Amongstamultiplicityofothertopics wetookoccasiontotalkofadifferentcharactersoftheseveralnationsofEurope 在诸多话题中 我们乘机谈到了欧洲一些国家的不同特征 whenoneofthegentlemen cockinghishat andassumingsuchanairofimportanceasifhehadpossessedallthemeritoftheEnglishnationinhisownperson declaredthattheDutchwereaparcelofavariciouswretches avaricious adj 贪婪的wretch n 可怜的人其中一位绅士 将帽子一歪 摆出一副郑重其事的架势 好像自己拥有英国人民所有的优点一般 声称荷兰人是一群贪婪的可怜人 theFrenchasetofflatteringsycophants thattheGermansweredrunkensots andbeastlygluttons andtheSpaniardsproud haughty andsurlytyrants flattering adj 奉承的glutton n 贪吃者Sycophants n 马屁精haughty a 自大的Sot n 酒鬼surly adj 粗暴的法国人是一群奉承谄媚者 德国人是一群饕餮烂醉之徒 西班牙人是一群傲慢专横之流 butthatinbravery generosity clemency andineveryothervirtue theEnglishexcelledalltheworld 然而 说到勇敢 慷慨 宽厚 或其它美德 英国人在世界上是可圈可点的 ComparisonInformality redwordsareinformal whileyellowwordsareformal Intheoriginofthesewords redwordsseemscomefromlocallanguage whileyellowwordscomefromFrenchorLatin myownunderstanding Wecandrawaconclusionfromthecomparisonthatthesewordshelpalottovividlyshowhowarrogantthe gentleman inthetextwere Thisverylearnedandjudiciousremarkwasreceivedwithageneralsmileofapprobationbyallthecompany all Imean butyourhumbleservant Judicious adj 明智的 有见地的Approbation n 认可 赞许在场所有人对这句 博学睿智 的言辞报之一笑 并大为赞赏 然而 尊敬的英国 这里指的所有人是除了您卑微的仆人在下之外的 who endeavoringtokeepmygravityaswellasIcould Ireclinedmyheaduponmyarm continuedforsometimesinapostureofaffectedthoughtfulness asifIhadbeenmusingonsomethingelse anddidnotseemtoattendtothesubjectofconversation我极力保持庄重之态 双手托住头 一直假装摆出一副冥思的姿势 仿佛在思考别的事而未注意谈话的主题 hopingbythesemeanstoavoidthedisagreeablenecessityofexplainingmyself andtherebydeprivingthegentlemenofhisimaginaryhappiness Deprive v 剥夺 丧失希望借此可以避免发表看法 以免让自己蒙羞 也好让他们继续沉浸在自己想象的快乐之中 Paragraphfour Butmypseudo patriothadnomindtoletmeescapesoeasily pseudo adj表示 假的 虚伪的 n假冒的人 伪君子但是我们这位伪爱国主义者却绝不轻易的放过我 Notsatisfiedthathisopinionshouldpasswithoutcontradiction hewasdeterminedtohaveitratifiedbythesuffrageofeveryoneinthecompany forwhichpurposeaddressinghimselftomewithanairofinexpressibleconfidence heaskedmeif。