集装箱绑扎系统介绍.docx

1INTRODUCTION OF CONTAINER LASHING SYSTEM集装箱绑扎系统介绍Table of contents内容1. Classification societies 船级社1.1 Today there are following main rules existing 目前存在的主要船级社及规范2. Container 集装箱2.1 Container distribution 集装箱的分布2.2 Forces acting on Containers 集装箱受力2.2.1 Determination of forces acting on the container 集装箱上受力的确定2.2.2 Allowable forces for 20'and 40'containers 20'和40'集装箱许用力2.2.3 Racking forces respectively deflections of the door-and doorless walls of containers 集装箱有门端及无门端侧移力及变形2.3 Typical damage on containers 集装箱的典型破坏形式3. Ship accelerations 船舶加速度4. Securing fittings 绑扎件4.1 Maximum permissible forces which may act on the securing fittings 绑扎件最大允许受力5. Securing systems on deck 甲板上绑扎系统6. Securing systems in cargo hold 货舱内绑扎系统26.1 Comparison of securing arrangements for 20'containers within 40'cellguides20'集装箱堆放在40'导架内绑扎方式的比较6.2 Transversal Stowage System 横向堆放系统6.3 Mixed Stowage System混装系统6.4 Anti-Rack-Spacer System 纵向堆放系统7. Calculation criteria of deck stowage systems 甲板上集装箱堆放系统的计算标准7.1 Basic data for lashing respectively securing systems 绑扎计算所需基本数据7.2 Lashing calculation methods 绑扎计算方法- 1 -1. Classification societies 船级社1.1 Today there are following main rules existing: 目前存在的主要船级社及规范a) Germanischer Lloyd (GL)b) Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LroS)c) China Classification Society (CCS)d) Det Norske Veritas (DNV),e) Bureau Veritas (BV)f) American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)g) Polsiki Register of Shipping (PRS)h) Itali (Rina)i) Japan (NK-Nippon Classification)- 2 -2. Container 集装箱2.1 Container distribution 集装箱的分布Today the mostly spreaded containers are the 20'and 40'boxes with a height of 8'6”. An increased quantity can be noticed for the ‘High Cubes' with a height of 9'6”. Due to transport restrictions ashore with respect to railway and trailer height (tunnels, bridges) their quantity will never exceed a certain limit. 目前广泛使用的集装箱为20 英尺及40 英尺的集装箱, 高度为8'6”. 此外, 9'6” 的 高箱也渐渐有所增长, 但由于岸上铁路及道路运输设备高度限制(隧道, 桥梁), 它的 数量会被限制在一定的范围内.2.2 Forces acting on containers 集装箱受力2.2.1 Determination of forces acting on the container 集装箱上受力的确定The forces acting on the container have the following components: 集装箱的受力有以下部分组成:1ststatic: resulting from the container gross weights due to ship's inclination.一, 静态力: 船舶倾斜时, 集装箱总重带来的受力.2nddynamic: resulting from the different acceleration factors caused by the ships motions.二, 动态力: 船舶运动引起不同的加速度而带来的受力.Based on the corresponding rules of the class the resulting forces have to be evaluated in athwartship, vertical and fore-respectively aft-directions. Additional wind forces as well as the influence of green water has to be considered. 根据各船级社相应的规范, 集装箱受力应从横向, 纵向及船长方向来分别计算. 此 外, 风力及海浪的影响也需考虑在内.The way of carrying out the calculations differ between various class societies. Common are the basic figures as shown on the sketch No.1 计算的方法各船级社有所不同. 通常有以下一些基本的数据, 见附图1: Longitudinal sliding caused by pitching 由纵倾产生的纵向滑移Static forces by gravity and dynamic forces by pitch and heave motions 由自重力引起的静态力及纵倾和纵荡产生的动态力Transversal sliding caused by rolling 由横摇产生的横向滑移Static forces by gravity and dynamic forces by rolling and heave motions and additional by wind由自重引起的静态力及横摇, 横荡及风力引起的动态力Vertical pressure caused by rolling, pitching and heaving of the vessel 由船舶横摇, 纵摇及纵荡产生的垂向压力.2.2.2 Allowable forces for 20'and 40'containers 20'及40'集装箱允许受力Acting forces on container corner casting 集装箱箱角受力The permissible container loads according to LroS. See annex. The max. permissible loads of the container corner casting are responsible for the max. lashing load. The max. lashing load depends on the lashing angle. For example, if the lashings (short cross) acting with a angle of 43°degrees the max. permissible load are 23 t. If the lashing angle is less than 43°degrees, the permissible lashing load will increase. Our standard lashing system have 25 t SWL respectively 50 t BL.LR规范允许的集装箱箱角的受力. 最大绑扎力受限于集装箱箱角的最大允许受力. 绑扎力的大小取决于绑扎的角度. 例如, 短杆交叉绑扎的绑扎角度为43°,绑扎杆最大允许受力为23 t. 角度减小, 允 许受力将增大.我公司的绑扎系统标准为SWL 25 t,破断负荷为50 t.Racking forces 水平侧移力The max. permissible load, acting on container frame, in transversal direction is 15 t, respectively 10 t in longitudinal direction. These forces are called racking forces.集装箱框架上的最大横向允许受力为15 t, 纵向为10 t. 这些力被称为水平侧移力.Vertical forces 垂向力 Tension: the max. permissible pull-out force at container top corner are 15 t, at bottom corner 20 t. the 20 t max. load are responsible for the max. lifting force according to LRoS, GL have a max. load of 25 t, therefore we use 25 t as standard SWL for our Twistlocks.拉力：集装箱上箱角的最大允许拉力为15 t,下箱角为20 t.其中20 t为LR规范所 规定的最大拉力.GL规范中为25 t.因此我公司钮锁的受力标准为：拉力SWL 25 t. Compression： The max. permissible compression force at the container post are86.4 t （86,4 t according to ISO）压力： 集装箱箱柱的最大许用压力为86.4 t. （ ISO 标准压力）The max. permissible pressure force in transversal is at top corner 22,5 t for 20'container and 34 t for 40'container. At the bottom corner the forces are, 3。