阅读理解之词义猜测.doc

阅读理解之词义猜想Tips on Reading ComprehensionHow to guess the meaning of unknown vocabulary学习目标（Learning Aims）：1. 理解并掌握阅读理解中词义猜想的基本方法及技巧；2. 将词义猜想的技巧使用于实际阅读中，综合提升阅读理解水平学习重点与难点（Important and Difficult Points）:重点：词义猜想的基本方法及技巧；难点：如何将技巧熟练使用于练习中，有效解决阅读理解时遇到的实际问题学习过程（Learning Procedure）：Step 1 Question forms 常见提问方式Have you ever met questions like ... 做阅读题时，你是否曾遇到这样的问题……1. The underlined word “__”in the passage means __ .2. What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ?3. The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____.4. The word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __.5. The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__.6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”?7. What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …?8. The underlined sentence in the first (second...) paragraph probably means that ________.Step 2 Approach introduction 方法介绍方法一：Using word formation（构词法）1. 派生法 (Derivation) 派生法就是借助前缀或后缀派生出新词的构词方法。

2. 合成法 (Compounding) 合成法是指由两个或两个以上单词组合成一个新词通常情况下，合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和3. 转化法 (Conversion) 转化法是指单词的词形不改变，只通过词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用 而这种单词叫转化词 练习： 1）He never wore ready-made clothes.2）Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. 3）Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”. 方法二：Using context clues（利用上下文线索）1. 同义词、近义词 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。

例：Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful.同义词常见信号词： 2. 反义词反义词常见信号词： 例. a）Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely． b）Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. c）If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.d）In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 3. 定义、解释或举例 通过定义/定语从句/同位语/词或词组 (is; was; mean; that is; that’s to say; or; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; i.e. , such as ; like; especially; for instance; for example )来确定词义常见的信号词： 例a） When writing an article, we often use simile, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”．b）Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.c）He is a resolute man; once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.4. 因果关系因果关系常见信号词： 例 --- since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet 5. 标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）例a）You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers b）The other questioned the veracity —— the truthfulness of these reports.6. 经验和常识例a） In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing southwesters, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through. b） The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates， forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward． Step 3 Practice练习1. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is a crucial (关系重大的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ( )2. Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward. ( ) 3. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. ( )4. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy—its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease “workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say. ( )5. Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile crimes—crimes committed by young people. ( )Step 4 Self-check & Assignment 检测及作业Section A1. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ( )2. Most women in China ---educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old---work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. ( 。