将来时间表示法.doc

将来时间表示法1. 表示将来时间的多种结构will \ shall+动词原形,will 用于第一 ,二,三人称主语,shall 用于第一人称主语,都可表示将来,这种将来意义常常夹杂着情态意义即带有说话人的主观态度和看法,如,The next train to Beijing will leave at 8 a.m.(表预见)We shall know the result next week.有时既表示将来,也含有 “意愿”或 “意图” 如, I will do it, if you like.I promise to pay him back in time, but he won’t lend it to me.在疑问中 will/shall 还可用来征询听话人的 “意图”:Will you be at home at seven this evening? \ When shall we see you next time?Will\shall + 不定式进行体 ,这种结构通常带有 “自然要发生 ”的含义, 因而不包含 “意愿”,”意图”等情态意义.如,The train will be arriving at two o’clock.I will be telling you all about it when we meet again.这种 “will\ shall +不定式进行体 ”结构也可以表示将来某一时刻或时段里正在进行的动作.如, I’ ll be working in Geneva during May.What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?如果要表示将来某一时刻业已完成的动作便可用 “will\ shall+完成体”如,You will have completed the elementary English course by this time next year.I’ ll have finished my work by five this afternoon.Be going to +动词原型, 这一结构的主要意义,一是表示 “意图”,即打算在将来做某事.例如:We’re going to call a meeting to discuss it.He’s going to be a doctor when he grows up.Be going to +动词原型结构的另一意义是表示 “预见”,即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况.如,Good heavens! I must hurry. I’m going to be late.Be+-ing 结构的主要意义是表示按计划,安排即将发生的动作,常用于表示位置转移的动词,如go, come, leave, start, arrive 等,也可用于其他动态动词.如,We are leaving on Friday.The president is coming to the UN this week.注:既然 “be +-ing”和 “be going to +动词原型”都可表示现在已经决定将做某事,这两个结构在某些语境中便可交替使用.如:She is getting \ is going to get married this spring.This afternoon I am taking\am going to take my cousin to a football match.但是,如果主动词为 come 或 go,在表示将来事态时,用现在进行体比用 be going to 结构更为常见.如, What time are you coming?Be to + 动词原型, 这一结构的主要用法, 一是表示按计划，安排即将发生的动作。

如， I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.\ There’s to be an interview tonight.二是表示命令，禁止或可能性等，如，You are to stand here. Do you understand?一般现在时表将来，这种情常见于条件状语分句，如，If she comes, I’ll tell her all about it./Wait here till the meeting is over.2. 过去将来时间表示法如果说话人从过去观点来看将来，它们表示的就是过去将来时间过去将来时的结构：1.would +动词原型２.was/ were going to +　动词原形3. was / were+-ing4. was/ were to +动词原型如，He said he would come back the next day.He was going to play tennis that afternoon.He hurried into the carriage. The train was leaving in two minutes.As I was to leave the next day, I went to bed early on Thursday. 如果要表示在过去将来某一时间正在进行的动作，可用＂would +be +-ing”,　 如，He told his friend that this time next year he would be studying at Stanford.３.相关练习，注意运用适当的将来形式１. 一有消息，我就给你打．２. 她说，到周末她将已经返回中国．３. 昨天他告诉我，他打算下个月结婚．４. 明晚七点半你在做什么？５. 明年夏天他们打算到大连去度假．5. 单项选择１. – Did you tell Julia about the result?_Oh, no, I forget. I ___ her now.A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to2. –Can I see you at 3: 00 p.m .next Monday?--I’m afraid not. I ___ to New York long before then.A. have flown B. will fly C. am flying D. will have flown3. My money ___. I’d better go to the bank to draw some of my savings out in case I have no money in hand.A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is running out of4.-- May I speak to your manager at four o’clock this afternoon?--I’m sorry, but he___ to a conference long before then.A. will have gone B. had gone C. would go D. has gone。