高考英语语法精品学案专题十三特殊句式.doc

特殊句式在近几年高考题中所占分量居中，各套试题中至少有一道小题考查特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略替代、强调句以及感叹句和反意疑问句一、倒装 口诀速记： 副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装否定意义副连词，“既不……也不”需倒装表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装not only开头句，前一分句需倒装had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装倒装分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前实义动词、情态动词或be 动词放在主语之前部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前1． 全部倒装的情况使用场合 例句 备注 (1)there引导的存在句 ①There is a book in the bag. ②There came shouts for help from the river.常见动词有be, come, lie, happen, appear, seem, stand, exist, live, remain等。

/ (2)在here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, now, then开头的句子里 ①Here comes the bus.②There goes the train. ③In rushed the children. ④Now comes your turn. ①谓语常是表示方位或位移的不及物动词lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, run, rise等②主语是人称代词时，不倒装如：Here we are. There he comes. (3)介词短语或方位词组作地点状语位于句首 ①Between the buildings stands a tall tree. ②South of the city lies a steel factory. ③From the village came a frightening sound. 使用场合 例句 备注 (4)代词such作表语，意为“这样的人，这样的物”，应置于句首 ①Such were the facts.②Such was Albert Einstein. 主谓一致(5)平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密They reached a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 主谓一致 2. 部分倒装的情况使用场合 例句 备注 (1)so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示“也一样、也不”①I like sports, and so does my brother. ②If you go, so will I. ③He hasn't come, nor have his sisters. ④If you don't go, neither shall I. ①使用正确的助动词。

②当so表示对前句内容的肯定和附和时，用自然语序如：—Tom works hard. —So he does and so do you. (他的确很用功，你也是)(2)含有否定意义的副词(词组)，如：never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, at no time等置于句首时①Hardly can I believe that. ②Seldom does he write to me. ③By no means shall we give up. ④Little did I know who he was. little作形容词，修饰主语时，仍用正常语序如：Little Franz often played the piano.使用场合 例句 备注 (3)only修饰状语(从句)，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装Only when the rain stopped did the match start again. only修饰主语时不倒装如：Only he can do it. (4)not only…but (also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首 Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics. not only引导的部分要部分倒装，但but (also)部分不倒装。

若not only…but (also)…连接两个主语，句子不倒装 使用场合 例句 备注 (5)Not until …Hardly…when…No sooner…than…So…that…Such…that…①Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in. ②Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rang. ③So angry was he that he couldn't speak. ④Such great progress did he make that he was praised.主倒从不倒，即主句部分用倒装语序，从句部分用陈述语序 (6)省略if的虚拟条件句，将were，had, should 移至主语前 ①Were he (＝If he were ) here now, I could ask him. ②Should he (＝If he should) come, tell him to ring me up. 若条件句中不含were, had, should则不宜倒装。

使用场合 例句 备注 (7)祝愿句 May you succeed！  (8)as或though引导让步状语从句引起的倒装句型是：表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语 ①Young as he is, he knows a lot.②Much as I like it, I will not buy it. ③Try as he might，he could not find a job. ①though引导让步状语从句也可不倒装②表语前的冠词要省略如：Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings. 二、省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：1． 介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词常见的句型有： spend some time (in) doing sth.；be busy (in) doing sth.；have difficulty (in) doing sth.；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.2． 连词that 的省略 I believe (that) he will come here. It's a pity (that) he will leave this city. 3． 定语从句与名词性从句中的省略 (1) 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略。

如： The teacher (who/whom/that) I talked with was Mr. Meng. (2) 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气形式“should ＋动词原形”，should可以省略如： She suggests that we (should) go at once. 4． 动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见的动词有expect, refuse, mean, like, love, hope，want等如： He went home that day though he didn't want to.三、反意疑问句1． 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't；当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must；当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后面的动词形式确定如： You must go now, needn't you? 你现在必须走，是不是？ You mustn't smoke here, must you? 你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？ You must have watched that football match last night, didn't you? 你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了， 是吧？2． 陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句 陈述部分含有used to时，其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。

如： You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you? 你过去常常踢足球，是吗？3． 陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句 其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可如： He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he? 他应该参加会议，是不是？4． 否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句 当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式如： He could hardly get up, could he? 他几乎起不来了，是不是？5． 陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式如： Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she? 玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？6． 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致但当主句是：I think，I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine等结构时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。

如： He said that he would come here on time, didn't he? I don't think he will come here on time, will he?7． 祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句后加附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气其结构为：否定祈使句，＋will y。