amodernhero知识与要点课件新人教版必修1课件.ppt

话题1.The qualities of a great person(伟人的品质)2．The lives of some great people(一些伟人的生活)功能1.Asking for opinions(征求意见)2．Giving opinions(发表意见)语法The Attributive Clause(Ⅱ)(where，when，why，prep.＋which/whom)定语从句(2)(由where，when，why，prep.＋which/whom引导)重点单词quality，mean，active，principle，mankind，lawyer，devote，found，fee，hopeful，willing，vote，attack，equal，escape，educate，beg，reward，sentence(vt.)，opinion重点短语lose heart，in trouble，turn to，out of work，as a matter of fact，blow up，come to power，set up，be sentenced to重点句型1....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.1．．devote vt.(与与to连用连用)献身；专心于献身；专心于归纳拓展归纳拓展把把……专用于专用于……，完全用于，完全用于其中其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词是介词，后接名词或动名词(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的忠实的；深爱的devotion n．关爱，关照；奉献．关爱，关照；奉献She devoted herself to her work.她致力于她的工作。

她致力于她的工作Mr.Zhang devoted his life to helping the blind.张先生一生都致力于帮助盲人张先生一生都致力于帮助盲人They are devoted to their children.他们深爱着自己的孩子他们深爱着自己的孩子【【链接训练链接训练】】Nowadays many school children ________ too much time ________ playing computer games.A．．spend；；on B．．devote；；toC．．take；；to D．．cost；；in【【解解析析】】　　考考查查动动词词用用法法表表示示“花花费费”时时，，take和和cost不不能能用用sb.作作主主语语，，排排除除C、、D两两项项；；spend的的用用法法是是sb. spend time in doing sth.或或sb. spend time on sth.，，所所以以A项项中中on应应改改为为in；；devote...to＋＋n./doing意意为为““把把…………用用于于……”……”，，符符合合题题意，故意，故B项正确。

项正确答案答案】】　　B2．．vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举；投票；选举；n. 投票；选票；表决投票；选票；表决 归纳拓展归纳拓展vote for 赞成；投某人的票赞成；投某人的票vote against 投票反对投票反对vote to do sth.投票表决做某事投票表决做某事vote on/upon...对对…………投票表决投票表决vote sth.through 表决通过表决通过(提案等提案等)80% of students vote for/against Jim.80%的学生都投了吉姆的的学生都投了吉姆的赞成票成票/反反对票We'll have to vote on the problem.我我们得得对这一一问题投票表决投票表决There were 400 votes for Mr.Black，，and 350 against.400票支持布莱克先生，票支持布莱克先生，350票反票反对【【链接训练链接训练】】①①They should have the right ________.A．．vote B．．vote for C．．vote out D．．to vote【【解解析析】】　　have the right to do sth.“有有权权利利做做某某事事””。

vote for ““赞赞成成””，，后后应应跟跟宾宾语语；；vote out ““罢罢免免””，，也也不不能能单独使用单独使用答案答案】】　　D②②People in the city ________ the lawyer to be the leader of the committee，，for they thought he could give a correct order of the city.A．．voted against B．．voted onC．．voted for D．．voted with【【解解析析】】　　考考查查vote的的用用法法vote for““投投票票赞赞成成……”……”；；vote against““投投票票反反对对……”……”；；vote on sth.““投投票票表表决决……”……”；没有；没有vote with这一结构结合句意，只有这一结构结合句意，只有C项合适答案答案】】　　C3．．attack v．．进进攻攻，，攻攻击击；；开开始始，，着着手手；；(疾疾病病)侵侵袭袭，，侵害侵害n．攻击；进攻；病情发作．攻击；进攻；病情发作(可数名词可数名词)归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)launch/make an attack on/against...＝＝attack...对对…………发动进攻；袭击，抨击发动进攻；袭击，抨击…………under attack遭到袭击遭到袭击/抨击抨击air attack空袭空袭a surprise attack突然袭击突然袭击a heart attack心脏病突发心脏病突发(2)attack sb.with sth.用用…………攻击某人攻击某人attack sb.for sth.抨击某人某事抨击某人某事(3)attacker n．攻击者．攻击者At dawn the army attacked(made an attack on) the town.军队在黎明时向这座城镇发动攻击。

军队在黎明时向这座城镇发动攻击The doctor predicted that the disease that often attacks children would be prevented.医生预言将能预防这种经常侵袭儿童的疾病医生预言将能预防这种经常侵袭儿童的疾病The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.这位老人昨天心脏病发作了这位老人昨天心脏病发作了【【链接训练链接训练】】After he became conscious，，he remembered ________ and ________ on the head with a rod.A．．to attack；；hit B．．to be attacked；；to be hitC．．attacking；；be hit D．．having been attacked；；hit【【解解析析】】　　句句意意为为：：恢恢复复意意识识后后，，他他记记得得被被袭袭击击了了并并且且头头上上被被挨挨了了一一棍棍remember to do sth.“记记住住要要做做某某事事””；；remember doing sth.““记记着着做做了了某某事事””。

因因为为he与与attack和和hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故D项正确答案答案】】　　D4．．equal v. 等等于于；；抵抵得得上上　　adj. 相相等等的的；；平平等等的的；；胜胜任任的；的；n.同等的人；相等物同等的人；相等物归纳拓展归纳拓展A equals B in...A在在…………方面比得上方面比得上Bbe equal to ＋＋ n．．/doing sth.胜任某事胜任某事/做某事做某事be without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌无与伦比；无敌(2)equally adv.同等程度地；均等同等程度地；均等equality n．平等．平等Three plus two equals five.＝＝Three plus two is equal to five.3加加2等于等于5I am not equal to the job.我不能我不能胜任任这份工作He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同他和我力气相当，但智力不同。

Men are born equal and you shouldn't look down upon others.人人生而平等，你不能人人生而平等，你不能轻视别人He is a player without equal.他是个无与他是个无与伦比的运比的运动员【【链接训练链接训练】】①①Mr.Smith doubted whether his daughter would be ________ to the job at first，，and she proved to be the right person.A．．equal B．．similar C．．familiar D．．content【【解解析析】】　　be equal to sth.“胜胜任任某某事事””，，符符合合题题意意be similar to ““与与…………相相似似””，，be familiar to sb.““为为某某人人所所熟熟知知””答案答案】】　　A②②Everybody has a(n) ________ chance.Now，，let's see who can do it best.A．．same B．．equal C．．well D．．alike【【解解析析】】　　句句意意为为“每每个个人人都都有有平平等等的的机机会会””，，而而非非““同同一一个个””，，故故不不用用A。

C项项多多指指身身体体，，不不作作定定语语，，多多作作表表语语；；D项作表语项作表语答案答案】】　　B5．．escape vt.逃逃避避，，逃逃脱脱，，避避免免　　vi.逃逃脱脱，，逃逃跑跑　　n．．逃逃脱；出口脱；出口归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)escape sth./doing sth.逃避某事逃避某事/做某事做某事escape from sb./sth.逃脱，逃走；从逃脱，逃走；从……中逃出来中逃出来escape one's notice没注意没注意(2)make one's escape逃走逃走a narrow escape九死一生九死一生You are lucky to escape punishment/being punished.你真走运，逃过了惩罚你真走运，逃过了惩罚The driver managed to escape from the burning car.这位司机位司机终于从燃于从燃烧的汽的汽车里逃了出来里逃了出来The thief made his escape by jumping a car.小小偷跳上一跳上一辆汽汽车逃跑了【【链接训练链接训练】】He was a lucky dog，，for he narrowly escaped ________ by a car yesterday.A．．killed B．．killingC．．being killed D．．from killing【【解解析析】】　　escape用用作作““逃逃跑跑，，逃逃脱脱””之之意意时时后后接接动动名名词词或名词作宾语，根据语境可知此处应用被动语态。

或名词作宾语，根据语境可知此处应用被动语态答案答案】】　　C6．．reward n．奖赏，报酬，酬劳　．奖赏，报酬，酬劳　vt.酬劳，奖赏，报答酬劳，奖赏，报答归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)as a reward for sth.作为对某事的报酬作为对某事的报酬in reward作为回报作为回报(2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.给给某某人人……的的酬酬劳劳来来感感谢谢其其做了做了…………reward sb.for (doing) sth.因为因为(做做)某事奖赏某人某事奖赏某人He received a title as a reward for his great contribution to the nation.他因对国家的巨大贡献获得了一个头衔他因对国家的巨大贡献获得了一个头衔He got nothing in reward for his kindness.他并没有因为善意而得到报酬他并没有因为善意而得到报酬He gave the boy a reward of ￡￡ 1 for bringing back the lost dog.＝＝He rewarded the boy with ￡￡ 1 for bringing back the lost dog.他他给小男孩一英小男孩一英镑的的赏金作金作为他他带回走失的狗的酬回走失的狗的酬劳。

【【链接训练链接训练】】He helped her and she ________ him with a smile.A．．gave B．．brought C．．rewarded D．．said【【解解析析】】　　句句意意为为：：他他帮帮助助了了她她，，她她回回报报给给他他一一个个微微笑笑考考查查动动词词用用法法give sb. sth.，，bring sb. sth.，，say to sb.，，排排除除A、、B、、D三项；只有三项；只有reward sb. with sth.结构正确，故选结构正确，故选C项答案答案】】　　C1．．out of work失业＝失业＝be out of a job(表示状态表示状态)归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)be out of work—be in work(反义词，表示状态反义词，表示状态)lose one's job—find a job(反义词，表示动作反义词，表示动作)(2)out of order混乱，无秩序；有毛病混乱，无秩序；有毛病out of date过时过时out of danger脱离危险脱离危险out of patience没有耐心没有耐心out of one's reach够不着够不着out of control 失去控制失去控制out of temper发脾气发脾气out of breath气喘吁吁气喘吁吁out of mind心不在焉心不在焉Work hard，，or you will be out of work.好好干，不然你会失好好干，不然你会失业的。

的He lost his job last week and his wife has been out of work for two months.上周他失业了，他的妻子也已经失业两个月了上周他失业了，他的妻子也已经失业两个月了Out of sight, out of mind.[谚谚]眼不见，心不念眼不见，心不念【【链接训练链接训练】】①①You can't find him in the office，，for he is ________ work today.Maybe he is at home.A．．off B．．atC．．out of D．．in【【解析解析】】　　off work““在休班在休班””，习惯用法习惯用法答案答案】】　　A②②You'll have to use the stairs.I'm afraid the lift is out of ________.A．．order B．．workC．．action D．．touch【【解解析析】】　　out of order ““出出问问题题，，有有故故障障””，，符符合合题题意意out of work ““失业失业””。

答案答案】】　　A2．．turn to求助于，致力于；翻到求助于，致力于；翻到归纳拓展归纳拓展turn to sb. for help求助某人求助某人turn against背叛背叛turn around转过身，转过来转过身，转过来turn in上交上交turn on打开打开turn off关掉关掉turn up(把音量把音量)开大；出现开大；出现turn down开小；拒绝开小；拒绝turn over翻转；翻身翻转；翻身turn out(to be)结果是；原来是；证明是结果是；原来是；证明是Nobody seems to understand.I don't know who to turn to.似乎没有人懂似乎没有人懂这个我不知道个我不知道该向向谁求助．求助．Turn to page 10，，please.请翻到第翻到第10页The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought.这份工作份工作结果比我果比我们想象得要想象得要难【【链接训练链接训练】】The French pianist who had been praised very highly________ to be a great disappointment.A．．turned up B．．turned inC．．turned out D．．turned down【【解解析析】】　　考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。

turn up“露露面面；；调调大大声声音音””；；turn in““上上交交””；；turn out““原原来来是是，，结结果果””；；turn down““调调小小音音量量等等，，拒拒绝绝””句句意意为为：：被被高高度度赞赞扬扬的的法法国国钢钢琴琴家结果是大失所望家结果是大失所望答案答案】】　　C3．．come to power上台，执政；当权上台，执政；当权归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)come to power＝＝come into power当权；上台当权；上台(2)come to power不不可可与与时时间间段段状状语语连连用用，，如如果果与与时时间间段段连用应改为连用应改为be in power3)be in power握有政权；当权握有政权；当权beyond/out of one's power(某人某人)力所不及的力所不及的within one's power(某人某人)力所能及的力所能及的do everything in one's power to do sth.尽全力做某事尽全力做某事The party came to/into power 4 years ago.＝＝The party has been in power for 4 years.这个政党个政党执政有政有4年了。

年了It's beyond /out of my power to help you.我没有能力帮助你我没有能力帮助你I did everything in my power to help the homeless villagers.我尽力帮助那些无家可我尽力帮助那些无家可归的村民的村民们【【链接训练链接训练】】He ________ for ten years but still doesn't want to leave office.A．．has been in power B．．has come to powerC．．has taken office D．．came into power【【解解析析】】　　come to/into power和和take office均均为为短短暂暂性性动动词词短短语语，，不不能能和和一一段段时时间间连连用用，，而而be in power表表状状态态，，能能和和一段时间连用，故选一段时间连用，故选A答案答案】】　　A4．．be sentenced to被判处被判处……(徒刑徒刑)归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)sentence vt.判决；宣判　判决；宣判　n．判决；句子．判决；句子(2)sentence sb.to death/life imprisonment/some time in prison判处某人死刑判处某人死刑/终身监禁终身监禁/…………刑期刑期(3)a prison sentence判处监禁判处监禁a light/heavy sentence轻判轻判/重判重判be under sentence of death被判处死刑被判处死刑He was sentenced to three years in prison.他被判处他被判处3年徒刑。

年徒刑The judge sentenced the prisoner to death.法官判决这名犯人死刑法官判决这名犯人死刑The judge passed sentence.法官宣布了判决法官宣布了判决【【链接训练链接训练】】________，，and Charles felt hopeless.A．．Because he was sentenced to deathB．．As he was sentenced to deathC．．Sentenced to deathD．．He was sentenced to death【【解解析析】】　　由由and可可知知这这是是并并列列句句，，而而A、、B两两项项是是原原因因状状语语从从句句，，故故被被排排除除；；C项项是是过过去去分分词词短短语语作作状状语语，，不不与与and连用；只有连用；只有D项是简单句，全句是并列句项是简单句，全句是并列句答案答案】】　　D5．．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第第一一次次我我向向(参参观观)小小组组谈谈论论(罗罗本本岛岛监监狱狱的的情情况况)时时，，心心里里觉得很不好受。

觉得很不好受the first/second/last time 是是名名词短短语，，但但有有时可可用用作作连词，，引引导一一个个时间状状语从从句句，，意意为““第第一一次次/第第二二次次/最最后后一一次次…………时””上上面面句句子子中中的的 the first time I talked to a group 可可换成成When I talked to a group for the first time归纳拓展归纳拓展类似的用法还有：类似的用法还有：every time 每次每次/回回……就就…………each time 每当每当…………时时next time 下次下次…………时时any time (在在)任何时间任何时间(2)有有时时副副词词也也可可充充当当连连词词，，引引导导时时间间状状语语从从句句，，它它们们是是：：instantly，，immediately，，directly 等，都相当于等，都相当于 as soon asEvery/Each time I was in trouble，，he would come to help me out.每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我。

每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我The moment I heard the voice，，I knew Father was coming.听到声音的那一刻，我知道父听到声音的那一刻，我知道父亲来了The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.男孩一看到男孩一看到妈妈，立刻大哭起来立刻大哭起来【【链接训练链接训练】】①①________ they visited the Science Museum，， they showed great interest in everything they saw.A．．The first time B．．For the first timeC．．At first D．．At the first time【【解解析析】】　　两两个个句句子子间间缺缺少少连连词词，，而而在在四四个个选选项项中中，，只只有有the first time可用作连词，意为可用作连词，意为““当当…………第一次第一次””答案答案】】　　A②②Eric rushed home ________ he heard the news，，only ________ that his wife was gone.A．．as soon as；；finding B．．immediately；；to findC．．the moment；；find D．．when；；found【【解解析析】】　　表表示示“一一…………就就……”……”可可以以用用as soon as，，immediately，，the moment；；第第二二个个空空only后后用用不不定定式式作作结结果果状语表示意想不到的结果。

状语表示意想不到的结果答案答案】】　　B关系副词以及由关系副词以及由““介词＋关系代词介词＋关系代词””引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1．．了了解解关关系系副副词词when，，where和和why引引导导的的定定语语从从句句的的基本用法基本用法1)Mr.Black would never forget the day.On the day he joined the army.以以上上为为两两个个简简单单句句，，第第二二个个分分句句中中的的on the day指指第第一一个个分句中的分句中的the day，在分句中作时间状语在分句中作时间状语以以上上两两个个简单句句可可改改为一一个个复复合合句句，，即即定定语从从句句，，其其连接接词用用关关系系副副词when(表表示示时间)，，其其先先行行词往往往往是是表表示示时间的名的名词(如如time，，day，，hour，，year等等)This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.这是一个美国是一个美国还有奴隶的有奴隶的时期2)在在英英语中中，，引引导定定语从从句句的的关关系系副副词还有有where(表表地地点点，，其其先先行行词往往往往是是表表示示地地点点的的名名词，，如如place，，room，，house，，street，，area等等)，，why(表表示示原原因因，，常常放放在在先先行行词reason后面后面)。

Shanghai is the place where she was born.上海是她的出生地上海是她的出生地Is this the reason why he came late?这就是他来晚的原因就是他来晚的原因吗？？注注意意：：先先行行词当当表表示示时间、、地地点点等等且且在在定定语从从句句中中不不充充当当状状语而而作作主主语或或宾语时，，不不用用when，，where来来引引导定定语从从句句，，要用要用which或或that来引来引导2．正确．正确选择关系代关系代词与关系副与关系副词在在定定语从从句句中中，，关关系系词的的选择主主要要受受先先行行词以以及及关关系系词本身在从句中所充当的句子成分的制本身在从句中所充当的句子成分的制约如如果果定定语从从句句中中的的谓语动词是是及及物物动词，，而而其其后后又又没没有有宾语，，或或者者从从句句中中缺缺少少主主语、、定定语或或表表语，，这时就就要要用用关关系系代代词引引导定定语从从句句如如果果定定语从从句句中中的的谓语是是不不及及物物动词，，或或已已有有了了宾语、、定定语、、主主语和和表表语等等成成分分，，就就要要用用关关系系副副词引引导这个定个定语从句。

从句I know a place where we can skate.我知道一个我我知道一个我们可以滑冰的地方可以滑冰的地方作状作状语)I know a place which/that is not far from here.我知道一个离我知道一个离这儿不儿不远的地方作主作主语)3．了解．了解““介介词＋关系代＋关系代词which/whom””引引导的定的定语从句从句学学习这种种带介介词的的定定语从从句句，，要要特特别注注意意，，介介词后后要要接接关关系系代代词而而不不接接关关系系副副词(因因副副词常常作作状状语，，不不作作宾语)还要要注注意意介介词之之后后的的关关系系代代词只只有有两两个个：：which和和whom，，先先行行词指指物物用用““介介词＋＋which””；；指指人人用用““介介词＋＋whom””，，且且两两个个关关系系代代词均不可省略均不可省略介介词的的选用用必必须遵遵循循两两个个原原则：：①①定定语从从句句中中谓语动词与先行与先行词的搭配；的搭配；②②根据先行根据先行词的特殊用法的特殊用法In the dark street，，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。

在漆黑的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人该句句介介词的的选用用遵遵循循第第①①个个原原则：：定定语从从句句中中turn与与先先行行词person搭搭配配形形成成turn to sb.(for help)““向向某某人人求求助助””这个个固固定短定短语The gardener was asked to tell the way in which the poor dog had died.有人要求园丁有人要求园丁说明狗是怎么死的明狗是怎么死的该句句介介词的的选用用遵遵循循第第②②个个原原则：：以以特特殊殊的的先先行行词引引导定定语从从句句，，且且从从句句缺缺状状语，，““以以…………的的方方式式””用用in(this，，the) way，故用，故用in which注注意意：：另另外外，，介介词的的选用用还要要根根据据从从句句与与主主句句的的意意思思搭搭配My sister graduated from Zhejiang University，，after which she went to Britain for further education.我姐姐我姐姐毕业浙江大学，之后去英国深造。

浙江大学，之后去英国深造【【链接训练链接训练】】①①Professor Wooden makes roughly $1,000 every week，，and 60 percent of ________ is spent on books.A．．which 　　B．．them C．．it D．．what【【解解析析】】　　如如果果没没有有and，，则则可可以以用用which引引导导非非限限制制性性定语从句，但定语从句，但and起到连接作用，故用代词起到连接作用，故用代词it答案答案】】　　C②②I shall never forget the years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers，，________ has great effect on my life.A．．that；；which B．．when；；whichC．．which；；that D．．when；；who【【解解析析】】　　考考查查定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词空空一一when引引导导定定语语从从句句，，修修饰饰先先行行词词the years，，且且在在从从句句中中作作时时间间状状语语；；空空二二which引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，，指指代代前前面面整整件件事事。

句句意意为为：：我我不不会会忘忘记记在在乡乡村村和和农农民民住住在在一一起起的的那那几几年年，，这这对对我我的的人人生生影影响很大答案答案】】　　B③③We are trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk.A．．where B．．that C．．when D．．which【【解解析析】】　　先先行行词词a point在在从从句句中中作作地地点点状状语语，，故故用用when引导定语从句引导定语从句答案答案】】　　A④④It's the same in China—many people，，______ some are not overweight at all，，are always going on diet or taking weight­loss pills，，______ are often dangerous.A．．whose；；which B．．of which；；whoC．．of whom；；which D．．who；；that【【解解析析】】　　空空一一考考查查“介介词词＋＋关关系系代代词词””引引导导的的非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句。

先先行行词词为为many people，，代代入入定定语语从从句句后后为为：：some of people are not...，，由由此此可可知知先先行行词词作作宾宾语语且且指指人人，，故故用用whom引引导导，，可可排排除除A、、B、、D项项空空二二是是which引引导导的的非非限限制制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，故正确答案为性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，故正确答案为C项答案答案】】　　C⑤⑤Do you know the reason ________ he didn't turn up?A．．that B．．which C．．for D．．why【【解解析析】】　　先先行行词词the reason在在定定语语从从句句中中作作原原因因状状语语，，故故D项项正正确确A、、B在在从从句句中中作作主主语语或或宾宾语语，，C项项不不引引导导定定语语从从句，故排除句，故排除A、、B、、C三项答案答案】】　　D。